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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Television's Influence, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Television's Influence paper at affordable prices ! Since the birth of television, the industry has been creating multiple shows and movies to keep us Americans entertained while doing nothing but sitting on our comfortable couch and observing a box. These shows and movies consist anywhere from children education programs to comedy with a little science fiction. Today, many Americans are raising issues saying that television is a waste of time and is too graphic. Are we being realistic? Are we to tell artists to stop painting too graphic and that it's a waste of time? Television is like art, it is never ending. Each American pursues their own taste and style. Television is where we visually see the different varieties of style. Whether someone wants to watch a horror film or "Entertainment Tonight" is his or her choice. Through one's perception, television may be observed as a positive influence.


Television may posses a positive influence in a matter of enhancing our personal status. Our personal appearance is one of the most important traits. Judging an individual by their appearance can tell a lot about a person's character. When we watch television, we notice that every person's appearance is perfect. For some of us, we pay attention to the big movie stars. The first words that come to mind when I think of movie stars are "famous and beautiful." The clothes are always expensive looking and very classy. Their face always has perfect skin complexion with no acme whatsoever. They each have their own unique hairstyle that someday we dream of having. We admire these movie stars so much that we try to look like them, dress like them, and even talk like them. I remember watching "Conan the Barbarian" when I was younger. Arnold Schwartzenegger had a body like a tank. His appearance was one of no other, pure barbaric. I wanted to be just like Arnold, having the same physical physique. Arnold's presence provided me with so much motivation that I joined a gym near my house and started training instantly. To this day, I am still training due to the appearance of Arnold Schwartzenegger. Advertisements may have a positive effect on our personal status as well. Observing all the expensive cars and real estate ads advertised on television might get you thinking twice about saving your money. Ever been to Hawaii? Well watch a commercial for a trip to Hawaii and you are destined to go there. Advertisements get your mind thinking positive and help us budget our money. The fact is we look up to people on television and their possessions. We want what they want. Television provides us with modeled images we dream of resembling someday.


Stories from movies and shows on television alone have a positive effect on our actions and behavior. Writers have created imaginative stories where we can escape into the writer's own constructed world. A perfect example is the movie "Rudy." The movie is based on a typical teenager who, since a child, had always wanted to play football for Notre Dame. His friends and family told him that he was too stupid and that he couldn't even get into college, let alone play football. Rudy took all the negative energy and used it to work even harder. To make it short and sweet, Rudy ended up inviting his friends and family to his first appearance in a Notre Dame football game. After watching the movie, a feeling of pride overwhelmed my soul. Knowing that this movie was based on a true story almost left me in tears. From a personal standpoint, the story line in the movie "Rudy" captured a lot of what growing up was like for me. I had a lot of people around telling me that I couldn't make it, just like in Rudy's case. I felt myself falling into the shoes of the character, sharing the same traits. Many stories that are told on television can be related to real situations we come across daily. Another example is the sitcom "Seinfeld." The sitcom is about nothing and it's hilarious. It's watching your average person and his friends doing nothing. Is that weird? Well no. The show contains your everyday problems like your friends bugging you, or waiting a half-hour to get a table at a Chinese restaurant. We are entertained by watching others deal with the same situations we come across. It makes us laugh when the Soup Nazi says, "No soup for you," or Kramer comes stumbling into Jerry's apartment acting like a klutz. Television provides us with stories that have a positive impact on our daily life.


Children programs on television portray a positive attitude and expand a child's horizons. The benefit of television for children is endless. From advertisements to cartoons, a child's imagination can run wild. Children love to see different advertisements ranging from GI-Joe figures to fast cars. They are always interested in what's out, what's coming out, and if they can have it. What do children really love the most? Children love cartoons. Cartoons are the gateway to the imagination for a child. I remember when I was a child, all I wanted to do was watch cartoons and then draw cartoons. Television provided me with the imagination that I could create anything. I could draw a chair and make it have a face and dance. I could draw a monkey and dress him as a businessman. There were no ends to the possibilities. Television can be very educational for children too. If your child is getting ready to go into Kindergarden, the television provides many programs and ads that will prepare your child for school. Programs such as "Sesame Street" and "Hooked on Phonix" have proved to help enhance a child's ability to learn. Television provides continuous education and entertainment for children.


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Television is like an artist's canvas, anything can come to mind. When we try to put limits on graphics and behavior, we are generally stopping our imagination at work, resulting in boredom. As Americans, we are always constantly wanting to change for the better. Television portrays every kind of positive image that we would like to model someday. We have the choice to watch whatever show or movie we'd like on television. Those choices may have a positive effect, or they may have a negative effect. It's whether we want to posses a positive outlook that makes the difference.


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Primary and subsidiary legislation affecting financial services


Central Bank Act 14 to 18 Outlines powers and responsibilities of the Central Bank of Ireland.


Insurance Act 18 Gives power to the Department of Employment, Trade and Enterprise for its supervisory role.


Pensions Act, 10 Defines powers and responsibilities of the Pensions Board.


Main supervisory authorities in the financial services sector, their roles and objectives


Ireland has a number of supervisory authorities in the financial services area. The Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) looks after the banking sector, the insurance supervisor is the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE), and superannuation (known as pension) funds are regulated by the Pensions Board.


The CBI is a member of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). All the central banks in this group have the same supervisory objectives. The bank's primary duty is maintenance of price stability. In terms of financial sector companies, the CBI is charged with the supervision of "credit institutions' in Ireland. Credit institutions are defined as "an undertaking whose business is to receive deposits or other repayable funds from the public and to grant credits for its own account. ' This definition includes licensed banks and building societies but excludes credit unions and friendly societies.


Insurance is looked after by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment. The DETE is a government department whose mission is "To promote the sustainable development of a modern competitive enterprise economy based on quality employment, social inclusion and enhanced working and living standards. ' The DETE is involved in improving and monitoring labour force development; enterprise competitiveness; employment rights and industrial relations; enterprise, science and technology policy; corporate services and economic policy; trade, competition and market rights; and Insurance and company law. With relation to insurance, the department has powers to request information from companies at any time and to act according to the nature of this information. The department also has an obligation to ensure continuing compliance with regulatory requirements.


The Pensions Board regulates occupational pension schemes and Personal Retirement Savings Accounts, as well as supervising the operation of the Pensions Act. The Pensions Board also advises the Minster for Social and Family affairs on pension matters. The Pensions Board aims to promote security and protection in occupational pension schemes, development of an efficient national pension structure, and to increase participation in pensions to such a level that all members of the community can benefit. The Pensions Board is also an important source of information for anyone interested in pension schemes in Ireland.


Prudential requirements in financial services


Banking Sector


The CBI has set out minimum capital requirements to ensure the banking sector has adequate capital resources. It requires the capital to risk weighted assets ratio for credit institutions to be 8 percent. These standards comply with those put forward by the ESCB. Because of the relatively small size of the Irish banking sector, the CBI determines the appropriate capital ratios for credit institutions on an individual basis. Those set out in the standard are simply absolute minimums. The amount of funds (assets) required for each credit institution is determined as the sum of


a) the bank book risk weighted assets multiplied by the solvency ratio applicable to that institution; and


b) the trading book notional risk weighted assets multiplied by the trading book capital ratio for that institution.


Where the trading and banking book risk weighted assets are calculated based on position risk, settlement and counterparty risk, foreign exchange risk and large exposures risk. The ratios differ from institution to institution, and are determined by the CBI.


Life and General Insurance sectors


In Ireland, General insurance is referred to as "non life' insurance, and has basically the same legislated requirements in terms of solvency and calculation of liabilities as life insurance. The primary prudential requirement in the insurance industry is the existence of the "Appointed Actuary'. All licensed insurers in Ireland must have an "Appointed Actuary', who reports to the regulator and company on the financial position of the company on a yearly basis. This annual actuarial review is carried out to ensure that the company has sufficient reserves and premium levels to meet all future liabilities. The actuary also has legislated whistle blowing duties. If, in the opinion of the actuary, the financial position of the company is at risk, he or she must inform the regulator as soon as practicable. Comprehensive rules regarding investment limits, matching by currency and valuation of investments covering technical provisions exist. Technical reserves are calculated with implicit safety margins (through the assumptions).


Superannuation / Pensions


Defined benefit pension schemes require an actuary to determine the level of liabilities, since these liabilities are contingent on uncertain future events (death, retirement, ill health etc). These liabilities, together with recommendations for future contribution rates are determined by an actuarial valuation. These valuations must be carried out at least every three and a half years. In addition to this, every three and a half years each defined benefit scheme must submit an actuarial funding certificate. This certificate sets out the actuary's beliefs regarding the schemes ability cover all of its liabilities and expenses if it were to be wound up on that date. Again, as with Insurance, the actuary has important whistle-blowing duties in the superannuation sector. These are discussed later.


Procedures available to supervisory authorities for dealing with financial institutions in distress


Banks


There are a number of things the CBI can do if it is unhappy with the operation of a credit institution, or believes it to be in distress. The CBI can impose conditions on the bank's license; revoke the bank's license; issue directions on what the bank must do; tell the bank to stop taking deposits from the public; petition to the High Court to have the bank wound up; petition to appoint an examiner; seek (through courts) to prohibit the bank from practicing in a way which contravenes the CBI legislation; and prosecute for certain offences.


Insurance


The DETE has a number of avenues of "attack' if it believes an insurance company is unlikely to be able to meet its future liabilities, insufficient solvency, has failed to comply with the Insurance Acts, has inadequate reinsurance arrangements, defaults on the initial approval conditions (including forecasts), does not in some way meet one or more legislated standards. Actions available include directing the company to refrain from taking on new business for some or all types of contracts; limit premium income; refrain from certain types of investment; realize certain assets within a defined period; and / or retain sufficient assets in Ireland to cover technical reserves.


Pension Funds


A pension fund is in trouble if it has insufficient assets to cover all liabilities and expenses of an immediate wind up. Whether or not a pension scheme has adequate funding is determined at least every three and a half years, when an actuary prepares a funding certificate for the scheme. If the funding certificate certifies that the fund does not satisfy the funding requirements, the Trustees must have a "Funding Proposal' prepared to be submitted to the Pensions Board with the funding certificate. The funding proposal sets out a plan for future contributions to the plan such that, in the actuary's opinion, the scheme could be "reasonably expected' to satisfy the funding standard as at the effective date of the next actuarial funding certificate.


The role of actuaries


Actuaries in Ireland have statutory roles in life insurance, general insurance and pensions.


In Ireland, every insurance company (both life and non-life) must have an "Appointed Actuary', who is required to conduct annual investigations into the financial condition of the company and report this information to the company's directors and the regulator.


The Appointed Actuary must sign off on the company's technical reserves and advise on the solvency of the company. The Appointed actuary must also look at current premiums being charged, and comment as to whether or not these premiums and the company's assets will be likely to be sufficient to cover future liabilities that will arise from writing new business and establish sufficient reserves to ensure the continuity of the company.


The relevant legislation sets out a framework outlining the conduct of annual actuarial valuations, which is based on the European Union life assurance directives. However, there are no specific provisions given on how the actuary should determine premium rates, policy conditions and reserving standards. The reason for this is the belief that the Appointed Actuary is a professional who will apply good judgment, and follow professional standards in order to maintain a strong financial position for the company. This allows companies considerable freedom in policy design. For this reason, it would be fair to say that the actuarial profession has contributed to the continued growth of new products in the Irish industry.


Defined benefit Superannuation or pension schemes in Ireland are heavily dependant on actuarial involvement in the calculation of solvency levels, contribution rates, restructuring, and many other forms of advice. Statutory actuarial work involves regular actuarial valuations; actuarial funding certificates; funding proposals; reporting to the pensions board; calculations and disclosure under Family Law Acts; and calculation of individual transfer values.


Central Bank of Ireland www.cbi.ie


- Implementation of EU directive on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions


- Saving and Investing � Your rights (brochure)


Society of Actuaries, Ireland www.actuaries-soc.ie


- Guidance notes


- "The Role of the Appointed Actuary in Ireland'


- "The Role of the Pension scheme Actuary'


Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment www.entemp.ie


Government of Ireland www.gov.ie


Irish Pension Board www.pensionboard.ie


International Monetary Fund www.imf.org


- Report on observance of standards and codes


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reactions and questions


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reading for meaning the two ideas are start making meaning and if you are stuck find these two in the book and read a bout them


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note======= when i get the book read page 1 to 11 asap.


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Meeting rooms scarce at business venue


Meeting rooms at the Hilton Sandton Hotel, which has been allocated to business as a base during the Summit, are going to be extremely scarce. Those companies or organisations who wish to host their own meetings or special events during the Summit, are advised to secure meeting rooms at the Hotel as soon as possible and before 1 May 00.


A form has been provided for booking of business events in the Hilton on the JOWSCO website, but is difficult to download. A simpler form will be placed on the BCF website by the end of May. All events will then form part of the official programme. The person to contact at JOWSCO regarding parallel events is Thobekile Twala, email thobekile@wssd00.com or telephone 7-11-0800.


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JOWSCO have secured 5 000 beds in Gauteng within a 100km radius of Sandton.


Accreditation, access and associated costs


The Hilton Hotel is not a "free access site' as it has been allocated as a Heads of State hotel venue. Therefore, UN-accredited delegates do NOT have access to the Hilton and must obtain specific accreditation for this. A form for accreditation has been circulated and may be requested from BSA or the BCSD SA. Once individuals have been accredited through their relevant bodies with the UN, they will need to apply for a separate Business Badge which will allow them free access to the Hilton Hotel for the duration of the Summit. The BCF has requested 1 500 special business badges that will be given out at a separate desk in the accreditation hall. These must be worn together with the UN accreditation badges and are supplied free-of-charge.


In addition, day passes for non-business people wishing to have access to the Hilton Hotel for particular events are also going to be allocated.


A Welcome Card will be allocated to all UN-accredited delegates. The card will give each delegate access to the transport shuttle system, and other venues.


B. Events


Business Day preparations on track


The organisers of the Summit's Business Day report that preparations for the event are on track and most speakers have been confirmed, as well as all themes for the day established. Prime Minister Tony Blair and President Vincente Fox are being approached to participate as keynote speakers. The "Lekgotla' , as the event has been entitled, is taking place at the main ballroom of the Hilton Hotel in Sandton, Johannesburg, on the 1st September 00. Delegates to the event must register beforehand. Pre-registration for the Lekgotla will be open on the BASD web site by mid-May. Only 700 participants can be accommodated so make your bookings early. The event is expected to cost participants around $100 per delegate.


In addition, the Business Trust will be hosting a dinner after the Lekgotla, by invitation only, to showcase the partnership initiatives of top SA businesses relevant to the Summit and beyond.


For further information on Business Day, contact Zoe Budnik-Lees zoe@ief.co.za or 011-880-0077, or Claude Fussler fussler@wbcsd.org


South African Business Week - an opportunity to showcase products


The South African Business Week, being organised by SA RAI and SACOB will run from the 0th August to September 00 at Gallagher Estate. It has been accredited as an official side-event of the WSSD and is an opportunity for local companies to showcase their products and services, as well as to network with international organisations. The event will focus on the themes of NEPAD and small bus


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Carnival Cruise Lines Inc. v. Shute


4 U.S. 585, 111 S.Ct. 15, 11 L.Ed.d 6 (11)


United States Supreme Court


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. Summary of the Key Facts


· The Shutes purchased, in Washington from a travel agent, passage for a seven-day cruise on the Tropicale, a cruise ship operated by the Carnival Cruise Lines Inc.


· Each ticket contained a forum-selection clause that designated the state of Florida as the forum for any lawsuits within the contract terms.


· Mrs. Shute slipped and fell from a deck mat during a guided tour of the ship's galley and was injured.


· Upon return to Washington, she sued for negligence against Carnival Cruise Lines Inc. in the U.S. district court of Washington seeking damages.


· Carnival filed motion that the suit could be brought only in a court in the state of Florida and the appeals court reversed it stating that Mrs. Shute could sue carnival in Washington. Carnival appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.


. The Issue


Does one need to prove negligence and suffering in another state to be awarded damages due to a forum selection clause?


4. The Holding


Yes. The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the court of appeals


5. Summary of the Courts Reasoning


On basis of forum-selection clause in a form ticket contract is never enforceable simply because it is not the subject of bargaining. The U.S. Supreme Court based their opinion on the facts that a cruise line carries many passengers from various locals and it is very likely that a mishap may occur. In light of this, the cruise line may suffer litigation in many different forums. As well to the discounted rates, they already offer to passengers of various locals to enjoy their right to litigate in the forum of their choice.


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I believe that the court's ruling is appropriate for this situation because if the courts of many other states filed litigation towards the cruise line they would spend a lot of time and money traveling their lawyers from state to state litigating. If the damages were severe enough one would litigate in the provided state court to seek what they deserve.


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Once again, United States is in a war. Many lives are killed and many soldiers are putting their lives out to fight for the freedom of others. Many people around the world are protesting against the war and Americans families are crying for their loves one who died during the war. Who will win the war and when will it end? It is a question that everyone in the world is waiting for the answer. But before getting the answer one side must win the war. Using the war between United States and Iraq as an example for how to win the war. High technology weapons, well-trained troops and intricately plotted battle plan are the three major concepts in winning a war.


``Our high-tech advantage will make it easier for us to keep the peace, Bush told about 10 industry leaders at a White House forum. `` Munitions, grounds weapons, aircraft, warships, or any other mass destruction weapons with technologies such as Tactical Internet and Appliqu� software are all high technology weapons that are useful in winning the war. However, ground weapons, aircrafts and warships are one of the three important weapons that are used in any war. For example, in the war between the United States/Coalition and Iraq, the Coalition is using M1A1 Abrams battle tanks. With the armament of 10 mm M56 smooth bore cannon, .50-caliber M machine gun, 7.6 M40 machine gun, and 7.6 M40 machine gun. This M1A1 Abrams can contain four crew, with the maximum speed of 4mph and range of 65 miles.


As for aircraft, the Coalition U.S navy is using a D model called FF/A18 E/F Super Hornet. The primary function of this model is multirole attack and fighter aircrafts that is larger and has a longer range than previous F/A-18 models. The armament is an internal Vulcan 0mm cannon mounted in the nose. The Super Hornet can carry 17,750 pounds of conventional and precision bombs and missiles. With the speed of 1,00 mph, the E model is made for a single-seat while the F model is made for a dual seat.


As for any war, there are at least one warship carry aircrafts. USS Kitty Hawk was one of the U.S aircraft carriers. It has the armament of three Sea Sparrow launchers, and three 0mm Phalanx rapid-fire close-range gun systems. With the speed of 0-plus knot, the USS Kitty Hawks contain approximately 8,000 personnel in battle group.


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In general, winning the war requires well-trained troops. They may be trained in three different forms, which are weapons, physicals, and teamwork. For weapons, they can be train by using new technologies or weapons such as guns, tanks, and communication intranet. For example, one of the new technologies that the U.S troops are using to communicate with other soldiers is the Appliqu�. It is runs on the Solaris operating system rather than Windows. This Appliqu� also includes both long and short form text message system to augment voice radio commands that can be missed, misheard, or forgotten. Commanders can send encrypted orders individually or to groups. Individual soldier can message one another and it also can update troops locations come into the command post.


For physical training, Army, Navy and Marine have their own way of training. For instance, Army is mainly train using ground weapons such as tanks and they are trained to fight on the ground. As for Marine, they are capable of action in sea, on land, and in between. The last group is Navy, and they are train mostly at sea and they are in charge of warship.


Another way to win a war, command leaders of the country must have a clear battle plan on how to fight the war. Before they scratch down their battle plan they must have a reason for fight it. Different war may have different reasons but they may have one main goal, which is to capture or kill the high command of the enemy. For some countries like the United States had prepared its war-plan for nearly a year before the invasion. Military analysis, major flash points, and coalition are the three important concepts in planning a war. For military analysis the leaders must divide the troops into different functions. For instance in this war between U.S and Iraq, U.S main target is the capital city, Bagdad and their military base is Kuwait city. As planned the U.S first air strike the city and then rolled out two satellite-guide bombs on a major communication tower on the east bank of the Tigris River in downtown Baghdad. Then ground troops come in. Once they close to the capital city, air support again so they could weaken the republican guard unit. Then ground troops marched in from the North, South, and West of Iraq toward Baghdad. Again the ground troops executed surprise attacks.


As part of the plan, commander must have a prediction of time limit in how long the war will last. For example, last year the U.S commander predicts that this war will take 47 days for U.S troops to get within 50 miles of the outskirt of Baghdad. Military supplies such as weapons, foods, and maps also must be prepared before the battle start. For some occasion, military leaders must also prepare for un expected change such as execution of prisoner of war, which are troops who pretend to surrender to create a successful atmosphere for an ambush.


Flash points are very important. Commanders must know where their flash points are in order to win the war. For example, the U.S troops know that their starting point is in Kuwait city and their ending point will be at Baghdad. Coalition is another battle plan that play a major role in fighting the war because coalition between nations can increase the military power. There are approximately thirty thousand British military has deployed to the Persian Gulf region to support 50,000 U.S Army that is currently in Iraq.


Starting a war is easy but staring a peace is hard. Once in a while there will be countries fighting other countries for some reason. However, in order to end that war, one side must win, but how can they win? Winning a war consider three major points which is using high technologies weapons, well-trained troops, and well plotted plan battle. Generally, for any war, these points are important concepts in winning a war. For example, in the war between United States and Iraq, U.S leaders are using these three important concepts trying to win the victory for America in a very short coming time.


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