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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Beowulf, Symbolism of, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Beowulf, Symbolism of paper at affordable prices ! Authors often use events and things to symbolize stages in someones life. Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing meaning of significance to objects, events, or relationships. In Beowulf, Beowulf fights Grendel, Grendels mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. In the anonymous epic Beowulf, Beowulfs battles symbolize the youth, adulthood, and old age of Beowulfs life. First, the battle with Grendel represents the youth of Beowulfs life. The typical youth is very brave and fights for fame. Beowulf shows how the battle with Grendel is a representation of the youth of Beowulfs life by going to Hrothgar and asking him if he can fight Grendel for him and his people. Beowulf shows this trait when he says, Grant me, then, lord and protector of this noble place, a single request! I have come so far, oh shelter of warriors and your peoples loved friend, that this one favor you should not refuse me. That I, alone and with the help of my men, may purge all evil from this Hell. Second, another trait that a typical youth has is that they dont want to be outwitted. They also dont want people to think poorly of them. Beowulf shows this when he hears that Grendel does not use any weapons to fight and so Beowulf says that he will not use any weapons because he wants Higlac to think worthy of him. Beowulf shows this trait when he says, I have heard, too, that the monsters scorn of men is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none. Now will I. My lord Higlac might think less of me if I let my sword go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid behind some broad linden shield my hands alone shall fight for me, struggle for life against the monster. Third, the typical youth likes to brag about what they have done. Beowulf shows this third trait when he brags to Hrothgar about how he swam all the way over and killed all the monsters in the ocean. This is seen when Beowulf says, I swam in the Blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one; death was my errand and the fate they had earned. I have shown you how the battle with Grendel represents the youth of Beowulfs life. First, the battle with Grendels mother represents the adult stage of Beowulfs life. As adults get older they are less daring and more defensive. Beowulf shows this trait when he fights mail armor and a sword. This is seen when he goes to the lake where the monsters mother has her underwater lair. Then fully armored, he makes a heroic dive to the depth of the watery Hell. Second, as adults get older they are less daring and wait for the ballte to come to them. Instead of going to Hrothgar and asking to fight for him he waits and lets Hrothgar ask him. This is seen when Beowulf is awakened and called for again. I have shown you how the battle with Grendel s mother represents the adult stage of Beowulfs life.

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Many people say that everyone has a clone. Comparing two historical heroes, Gawain and John Wayne can simply prove this age-old theory. John Wayne, a twentieth century Hollywood hero, expresses many similarities to Gawain, a knight who lived in the middle ages as a member of King Arthur's roundtable. Although both men have many correspondences, they also obtain obvious differences due to the vast variation in time and place of acclimation. Gawain and John Wayne represent one another in many ways. While both of them, throughout life, do their best in attempt to honor their countries, they honor their fathers equally. Also, among their innumerable likenesses, Wayne and Gawain were responsible for partially raising their families when they were just teenagers.

As one of the comparisons between the historical heroes, both were willing to die for their countries. Gawain, when he turned fifteen, was already prepared to become a knight of the roundtable (Springer). He went to Camelot to become an honorable member of King Arthur's court (World Book Encyclopedia 451). While being a defender of Camelot, Gawain took responsibility for many of the actions of Arthur, the representation of Camelot. In "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," Arthur took on a dare of letting a giant man swing at his head with an axe. Gawain, in honor of his country, replaced him because he believed that the value of his own life was far less than that of King Arthur (Little 16). He volunteered his life for the sake of his country (Bulfinch). On the other hand, Wayne attempted several times to join John Ford's naval unit. He was rejected because of high school football injuries, but with pure determination, he eventually found a way to help his country (Shepherd 1). He joined the USO (United Service Organization), a committee that supported US troops from WW to go on to fight in Vietnam (Fortunecity). Although the two patriots honored their country in completely different ways, they both did what they did for the same reason, to maintain the well being of their countries.

Not only did the two men honor their country, but they also honored their fathers. John Wayne, who was born with the name of Marion Mitchell Morrison (Shepherd 8), honored his father, Clyde Leonard Morrison, by following in his footsteps and his methods of success in life (Shepherd 15). Wayne always abided by the quote passed down through his family, "Always keep your word, never intentionally insult anyone, and don't go around looking for trouble." (Fortunecity). Throughout life, Wayne tried to do the things that his father would be proud of him for. Even though he thought of his father as more of a friend, he still wanted to make him proud (Fortunecity). Although defending his father's honor in a more physical way than Wayne, Sir Gawain never let anyone steal the reputation of his father, Sir Lot (Springer). Gawain discovered that Sir Pellinore, another knight of the roundtable, had beheaded his father when he rode through Camelot with his head hung from his saddle (Springer 78). Gawain honored his father's death by torturing and killing Sir Pellinore (Springer 87). Later, Gawain also killed Pellinore's son, Lamorak to express what happens when someone messes with his family (Springer 8). While Gawain attempts to avenge his father's death by killing, Wayne utilizes a more peaceful method of honoring his dad. Regardless of the difference in the manner of how they defend their fathers, they both honor their fathers in acts throughout their lives.

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While both Gawain and John Wayne honored their fathers, they helped their younger brothers in other ways. When Wayne was with his little brother, Robert Morrison, the two were called, "The big and little Duke," by the neighbors as they walked by on their way to school (Shepherd 1). Wayne, at age 1 had to financially support both his brother and himself. He had to get a job to pay for both school clothes and food because his mother's job did not pay sufficient. At about the same age as when Wayne was supporting his family financially, Gawain supported his brothers mentally and emotionally. He mostly helped to guide his brother Mordred, the result of incest, to find his father and trace his past (Springer). He always looked out for Mordred and Gareth when a scene was too gory for their young eyes (Bulfinch). Looking out for one another was a key factor in both the family of John Wayne and of Gawain.

The characteristics of the two historical heroes create a nearly perfect parallel. While both of their names rhyme and they're from nearly the same nationality, that is only a foreshadow of the infinite similarities between Gawain and John Wayne (Shepherd 15). In their times of fame, Gawain was known as "the archetype of knightly chivalry and honor," while Wayne was known as the simplified yet traditional, "The American." (Bookrags) Of all the comparisons in the world that these two share, one that brings it all together is that everything that they did was for other people. Their selflessness shows that they are both two truly honorable and patriotic men.

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By 16, the term New Realism was being used in the United States and France (where it was called Nouveau Realisme) as a name for Pop Art. That use never caught on in the United States, and then the term began to signify instead, a new breed of Realism. "The traditional variety had linked humanistic content with the illusionistic representation of observed reality and the rejection of flattened pictorial space derived from Abstraction".

Today's realists are signaling a return to values rejected by te abstract, minimalist and conceptual art movements that have dominated most of our century. They're bringing back the art of fine draftsmanship and showing new respect of shape, color and proportion. In the process, they are using such classic genres as landscapes, still lives and portraits to pose important questions about contemporary art.

By contrast, New realism (although an extreme withdrawal from the Abstract Expressionism that dominated the 150s) incorporated the flattened space, large scale, and simplified color of Modernist painting. Some New realist artists, such as Alfred Leslie, switched from abstract to representational painting.

New Realism is too broad a term to have much meaning except a shorthand for a Figurative alternative to the abstraction of Abstract Expressionism, or Minimalist. It has taken many forms from serene landscapes (Fairfield Porter) to slyly psychological portraits (Alice Neel), and from the abstracted nudes (Philip Pearlstein) to the cerebral self-portraits by William Beckman.

The term also tends to imply a "nongestural or nonexpressionistic handling of paint that suggests fidelity to appearances". The belief that New Realists are primarily motivated by an interest in the way things look is believed by the psychic probing of Lucian Freud's work or the radially more simplified stylizations of Edouard Vuillard - two artists associated with New Realism.

(Comparisons between the two artists)

Lucian Freud's main characteristic in painting was a strict linear style of thin, carefully laid-on colors. He abandoned this style after the 150s. He began to paint in an impasto manner - a new, strong, plastic coloration which requires stiff paintbrushes and great physical activity and participation. It began to loosen and the paint left imprints and traces in the color on the canvas - the effect of raw tissue. This has a liberating effect on Freud and leads him to further development.

During the 160s and 170s and right up till the present, Lucian Freud has painted both male and female nudes which have had quite a shocking effect on the viewer. Many of his images make one almost feel like an intruder of the intimate lives of others. Freud says that precisely this feeling of embarrassment and discomfort is his ally, because a picture should disturb and shock, and thereby involve the viewer.

Freud thinks nudes should be understood as extended portraits - for example, "Lying by the Rags". The model is frequently shown in uncomfortable positions in the sharp light, on abed, couch or studio floor. Sometimes the background, as here, is a mysterious pile of rags used by Freud to wipe his paintbrushes. The painter is looking down at the model from his raised position at his easel, and registers each pore, each strand of hair, every unevenness in the skin. Freud builds the body plastically with the help of thick layers of paint, modeling it in such a way that the painting process almost becomes an act of creation. "I want my portraits to be of the people, not like them. Not having a look of the sitter, being them... As far as I'm concerned, the look is the person. I want it to work for me just as flesh does".

This self-exposure suggests a willingness and strong inner motivation on the part of the world, as well as the mutual trust and confidence. Freud points out that they are representations of both seeing and being seen. They are in each other's physical presence and in this way, influence one another. There does not seem to be anything autobiographical or biographical in the paintings, they are extential images.

In "Painter and Model" (shown below) - contrary to tradition - it is the woman, fully clothed, who is the painter, while the nude man is the model. The man's nakedness, his defenseless body, exposed, is emphasized by the woman's cocoon-like clothing, stiff with splotches of paint. She seems to be her own palette - totally self-sufficient. There is no eye contact between the two figures - they are living people, while at the same time, completely passive. The only apparent action in the picture is the green paint being squeezed out of the tube by the woman's foot and the disturbing tension created by the paintbrush pointed at the man. She looks straight ahead, while his gaze is the glossy stare of a model who has been posing for hours on end. In this picture, it is the image and the paint's reality which brings out the feeling of alienation, isolation and melancholy. This is emphasized by the pale greyish sickly color of the man's skin, the seemingly frozen foot, the ragged sofa, peeling walls, drawn curtain and the dark, closed cupboard behind the figures, as if they are each in their own closed world.

In "Girl With White Dog', Freud paints his first wife Kathleen, and an English bull terrier on a stripped sofa. He painted in pale and muted tones, the scene is quite simple and somewhat bleak. Both the woman and the dog stare at the viewer with a clam yet intense gaze, and there is almost a sense of complicity between the two. Freud is known for his masterly and near obsessive portrayal of human flesh, with all its flaws boldly displayed. This painting is no exception - the subtle paint tones he has used to create the detailed, ivory quality of the woman's skin.

People exposed to Freud's searching gaze appear to be more like themselves than they have ever been or ever will be. It seems as though the artist assimilates the person's life information into the life of the picture - (Freud's grandfather, Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, helped people to get to know themselves in order to be themselves - his grandchild, Lucian's tools, were a brush and palette).

Edouard Vuillard had a reputation, which for a long time, was private rather than public. In his early works, Vuillard used broken paint with small brush strokes. "Woman in Blue with Child' (shown below) consists of his wife, Misia, who is depicted in the painting, playing with her niece. They are in the Parisian apartment of Thadee Natanson. Vuillard probably used his own photograph of the room, whilst painting this picture. The interior is typical of the century, with flowered wallpaper, figured upholstery and decorative objects. Vuillard made the interior a dazzling surface pattern of muted blues, reds and yellows, compared to a Parisian painting in its harmonious richness. The forms of the woman and child are flattened, to be virtually distinguished from the surrounding patterns.

Vuillard's "Self-Portrait' in

18, shows him at the period

where his works were most closest

to Gauguin and the Nabis, using

color arbitrarily for expressive rather

than naturalistic ends.

In his pictures of the 180s - mainly domestic scenes - small in scale, but intimate in effect. For example, "Interior at l'Etang-la-Ville'. Here, he combines the flat planes and forceful colors of Gauguin. He used a somewhat "color-mosaic' style, and the geometric surface organization of Seurat.

Vuillard's own style had grown more conservative. He never recaptured the delicacy and daring of his early canvases.

(Closer look at two specific pieces)

More closely, we can specifically see how Lucian Freud's "Interior at Paddington' (151) and Edouard Vuillard's "Madame Hessel on the Sofa' (100) compare. There are two very different interiors Freud paints his friend Harry Diamond in the corner of a room, bare except a dusty palm and a loose carpet. Vuillard paints his friend Lucie Hessel in a warm and comfortable sitting room, surrounded by paintings. She is seated on a sofa with cushions plumped in the corners and appears relaxed and happy. Diamond on the other hand looks tense and uncomfortable. He is still in his coat and may have just arrived, just about to leave. Freud paints in careful detail (Diamond spent six months posing for this picture), and there is little to suggest the friendship that existed between the artist and his model. Vuillard is seen to paint mor quickly and his work appears to be more of an affectionate sketch.

Robert Atkins, Art Spoke, New York, 1.

Robert Atkins, Art Speak, New York, 10.

Sam Hunter, John Jacobus, Daniel Wheeler, Modern Art - rd Revised Edition, New York, 000.

H. H. Arnason, Marla. F. Prala, History of Modern Art - 4th Edition, New York, 18.

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If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on EXIM. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality EXIM paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in EXIM, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your EXIM paper at affordable prices with custom essay service! Exim Policy 00-007- Changes pertaining to Gem and Jewellery Industry and its impact on the industry

Duty replenishment

Deemed Exports

8.1 Deemed Exports refers to those transactions in which the goods supplied do not leave the country.

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Categories of Supply

8. The following categories of supply of goods by the main/ sub-contractors shall be regarded as Deemed Exports under this Policy, provided the goods are manufactured in India a. Supply of goods against Advance Licence/ DFRC under the Duty Exemption /Remission Scheme; b. Supply of goods to Export Oriented Units (EOUs) or units located in Export Processing Zones (EPZs) or Special Economic Zone (SEZs) or Software Technology Parks (STPs) or Electronic Hardware Technology Parks (EHTPs); c. Supply of capital goods to holders of licences under the Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) scheme; d. Supply of goods to projects financed by multilateral or bilateral agencies/funds as notified by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance under International Competitive Bidding in accordance with the procedures of those agencies/funds, where the legal agreements provide for tender evaluation without including the customs duty; e. Supply of capital goods, including in unassembled/ disassembled condition as well as plants, machinery, accessories, tools, dies and such goods which are used for installation purposes till the stage of commercial production and spares to the extent of 10% of the FOR value to fertiliser plants. f. supply of goods to any project or purpose in respect of which the Ministry of Finance, by a notification, permits the import of such goods at zero customs duty coupled with the extension of benefits under this chapter to domestic supplies; g. Supply of goods to the power and refineries not covered in (f) above. h. Supply of marine freight containers by 100% EOU (Domestic freight containers�manufacturers) provided the said containers are exported out of India within 6 months or such further period as permitted by the Customs; and i. Supply to projects funded by UN agencies. j. Supply of goods to nuclear power projects through competitive bidding as opposed to international competitive bidding.

Benefits for Deemed Exports

8. Deemed exports shall be eligible for any/all of the following benefits in respect of manufacture and supply of goods qualifying as deemed exports subject to the terms and conditions as given in Handbook (Vol.1)- a. Advance Licence for intermediate supply/ deemed export. b. Deemed Exports Drawback. c. Refund of Terminal Excise duty.

Special Economic Zones

Eligibility

7.1 a. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a specifically delineated duty free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations and duties and tariffs. b. Goods going into the SEZ area from DTA shall be treated as deemed exports and goods coming from the SEZ area into DTA shall be treated as if the goods are being imported. c. SEZ units may be set up for manufacture of goods and rendering of services, production, processing, assembling,trading, repair, remaking, reconditioning, re-engineering including making of gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery and articles thereof or in connection therewith.

Export and Import of Goods.

7. a. SEZ units may export goods and services including agro-products, partly processed jewellery, sub-assemblies and component. It may also export by-products, rejects, waste scrap arising out of the production process.SEZ units, other than trading/service unit, may also export to Russian Federation in Indian Rupees against repayment of State Credit/Escrow Rupee Account of the buyer, subject to RBI clearance, if any. b. SEZ unit may import without payment of duty all types of goods, including capital goods, as defined in the Policy, whether new or second hand, required by it for its activities or in connection therewith, provided they are not prohibited items of imports in the ITC(HS). Goods shall include raw material for making capital goods for use within the unit. The units shall also be permitted to import goods required for the approved activity, including capital goods, free of cost or on loan from clients. c. SEZ units may procure goods required by it without payment of duty, from bonded warehouses in the DTA set up under the Policy and from International Exhibitions held in India. d. SEZ may import, without payment of duty, all types of goods for creating a central facility for use by software development units in SEZ. The Central facility for software development can also be accessed by units in the DTA for export of software. e. Gem & Jewellery and Jewellery units may also source gold/ silver/ platinum through the nominated agencies. f. SEZ units may also import/procure goods from DTA without payment of duty for setting up of units in the Zone.

Leasing Of Capital Goods

7. SEZ unit may, on the basis of a firm contract between the parties, source the capital goods from a domestic/foreign leasing company. In such a case the SEZ unit and the domestic/ foreign leasing company shall jointly file the documents to enable import/procurement of the capital goods without payment of duty.

Net Foreign exchange Earning (NFE)

7.4 SEZ unit shall be a positive net foreign exchange earner. Net Foreign exchange Earning (NFE) shall be calculated cumulatively for a period of five years from the commencement of commercial production according to the formula given in Paragraph 7.4 of the Handbook (Vol-I).

Monitoring of performance

7.5 a. The performance of SEZ units shall be monitored by a committee comprising of Development Commissioner and Customs. The Committee shall be headed by the Development Commissioner. It will also see that the wastage/manufacturing loss on gold/ silver/platinum jewellery and articles are within the overall percentage prescribed in Appendix- 14 L of Handbook (Vol-I). In case of higher wastage/ manufacturing loss, the committee shall satisfy itself of the reasonableness of the same. b. The performance of SEZ units shall be monitored as per the guidelines given in Appendix-14 E of Handbook (Vol-I).

Legal Undertaking

7.6 The unit shall execute a legal undertaking with the Development Commissioner concerned and in the event of failure to achieve positive foreign exchange earning it shall be liable to penalty in terms of the legal undertaking or under any other law for the time being in force.

Approvals and Applications

7.7 a. Applications for setting up of SEZ units, satisfying the conditions mentioned in paragraph 7.1 of the Handbook (Vol.1) may be given approval by the concerned Development Commissioner of SEZ. In other cases, approval may be granted by the Board of Approvals (BOA) as notified and indicated at Appendix 14 �B of Hanbook (Vol-I). b. Proposal requiring industrial License may be considered by the Board of Approval on case to case basis.

DTA Sales and Supplies

7.8 a. SEZ unit may sell goods, including by-products, and services in DTA in accordance with the import policy in force, on payment of applicable duty. b. DTA sale by service/trading unit shall be subject to achievement of positive NFE cumulatively. Similarly for units undertaking manufacturing and services/ trading activities against a single LOP, DTA sale shall be subject to achievement of NFE cumulatively. c. The following supplies effected in DTA by SEZ units will be counted for the purpose of fulfilment of positive NFE i. Supplies effected in DTA in terms of Paragraph 8. of the Policy. ii. Supplies made to bonded warehouses set up under the Policy and/or under Section 65 of the Customs Act. iii. Supplies to other EOU/EPZ/SEZ/ EHTP/ STP units provided that such goods are permissible for procurement by units in terms of paragraph 7. of the Policy. iv. Supplies against special entitlement of duty free import of goods v. Supplies of goods to defence and internal security forces, foreign missions/diplomats provided they are entitled for duty free import of such items in terms of general exemption notification issued by the Ministry of Finance. vi. Supply of services (by services units) relating to exports paid for in free foreign exchange or for such services rendered in Indian Rupees which are otherwise considered as having been paid for in free foreign exchange by RBI. vii. Supplies of Information Technology Agreement (ITA-I) items, provided that the items are manufactured in the unit and attract zero rate of basic customs duty.

Entitlement for Supplies from the DTA

7. a. Supplies from the DTA to SEZ units shall be eligible for the following I. DTA supplier shall be entitled for - i. Relevant entitlements under paragraph 8. of the Policy. ii. Discharge of Export performance, if any, on the supplier. II. SEZ units shall be entitled for- i. Reimbursement of Central Sales Tax ii. Exemption from payment of Central Excise Duty on all goods eligible for procurement as per paragraph 7. of the policy. iii. Reimbursement of Central Excise Duty, if any, paid on bulk tea procured by SEZ units so long as levy on bulk tea in this regard is in force. iv. Reimbursement of Duty paid on fuels or any other goods procured from DTA as per the rate of drawback notified by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade from the date of such notification. b. Supplier of cut and polish diamonds, precious and semi-precious stones, synthetic stones and processed pearls from Domestic Tariff Area to the units situated in SEZ shall be eligible for grant of Replenishment Licenses at the rates and for the items mentioned in Appendix-1 of the Handbook (Vol. I). c. The entitlements under paragraphs (I) and (II) (i) and (ii) above shall be available provided the goods supplied are manufactured in India.

Export Through Status Holder

7.10 SEZ unit may also export goods manufactured by it through a merchant exporter/ status holder recognized under this Policy or any other EOU/ EPZ/ SEZ/ EHTP/ STP unit.

Inter-unit Transfer

7.11 a. Transfer of manufactured goods, including partly processed/semi-finished goods from one SEZ unit to another SEZ/ EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/STP unit will be allowed. b. Goods imported/procured by an SEZ unit may be transferred or given on loan to another unit within the same SEZ which shall be duly accounted for, but not counted towards discharge of export performance. c. Transfer of goods in terms of sub-paras (a) and (b) above within the same SEZ shall not require any permission but the units shall maintain proper accounts of the transaction. d. Capital goods imported/ procured may be transferred or given on loan to another SEZ/ EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP unit with prior permission of the Development Commissioner concerned.

Other Entitlements

Other entitlements of SEZ units are indicated in the Handbook (Vol-1).

Sub- Contracting

7.1 SEZ unit, may subcontract a part of their production or production process through units in the DTA or through other SEZ/EOU/EPZ/ EHTP/ STP, with the permission of Customs authorities. Subcontracting of part of production process may also be permitted abroad with the approval of the Board of Approval.Subcontracting by SEZ gems and jewellery units shall be subject to following conditions - i. Goods, finished or semi-finished, including studded jewellery, containing quantity and purity equal to the gold/ silver/platinum so taken out, shall be brought back to the Zone within 0 days. Further, no diamond, precious or semi-precious stones shall be allowed to be taken out of the Zone for sub-contracting. ii. Receive plain gold/silver/platinum jewellery from DTA in exchange of equivalent quantity of gold/silver/ platinum, as the case may be, contained in the said jewellery. iii. SEZ units shall not be eligible for wastage or manufacturing loss against the jewellery received from DTA after processing as mentioned in (i) and against exchange of gold/silver/platinum as mentioned in (ii) above. iv. The DTA unit undertaking job work or supplying jewellery against exchange of gold/silver/platinum shall not be entitled to export benefits. c. All units, including gem and jewellery, may sub-contract part of the production or production process through other units in the same SEZ without permission of Customs authorities subject to records being maintained by both the supplying and receiving units. d. SEZ units other than gems and jewellery units may be allowed to undertake job-work for export, on behalf of DTA exporter, provided the finished goods are exported directly from SEZ units. For such exports, the DTA units will be entitled for refund of duty paid on the inputs by way of Brand Rate of duty drawback. e. Scrap/ waste/ remnants generated through job work may either be cleared from the job worker's premises on payment of applicable duty or returned to the unit.

De-bonding

7.1 a. SEZ unit may be debonded with the approval of the Development Commissioner. Such debonding shall be subject to payment of applicable Customs and Excise duties on the imported and indigenous capital goods, raw materials etc. and finished goods in stock. In case the unit has not achieved positive NFE, the debonding shall be subject to penalty, that may be imposed by the adjudicating authority under Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1. b. SEZ unit may also be permitted by the Development Commissioner, as one time option, to debond on payment of duty on capital goods under the prevailing EPCG Scheme, subject to the unit satisfying the eligibility criteria of that Scheme and standard conditions, as per Para 7.1 of the Handbook (Vol-I).

Export through Exhibitions/ Export Promotion Tours/ Export of branded jewellery/ Export through show rooms abroad / Duty Free Shops

7.14 SEZ gem and jewellery, units shall be entitled for the following i. Export of gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery and articles thereof, for holding/ participating in exhibitions abroad with the permission of Development Commissioner. ii. Personal carriage of gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery, precious, semi-precious stones, beads and articles. iii. Export of jewellery and branded jewellery, is also permitted for display/sale in the permitted shops set up abroad. iv. Display/ sell in the permitted shops set up abroad or in the show rooms of their distributors/ agents. v. Set up show rooms/retail outlets at the International Airports for sale of jewellery.

Personal carriage of Export/ Import parcel

7.15 Personal carriage of gems and jewellery export parcels by foreign bound passengers and personal carriage gems and jewellery, import parcels by an Indian or foreign national may be permitted as per the conditions given in paragraph 7.15 of the Handbook (Vol.1).

Export by post / courier

7.16 Gold/silver/platinum jewellery and articles thereof may be exported by airfreight or through Foreign Post Office or through courier.

Disposal of Rejects/ Scrap/ Waste/ Remnants

7.17 Rejects/ scrap/ waste/ remnants arising out of production process or in connection therewith may be sold in the DTA on payment of applicable duty. No duty shall be payable in case scrap/waste/ remnants/ rejects are destroyed within the Zone after intimation to the Custom authorities or destroyed outside the SEZ with the permission of Custom authorities. Destruction as stated above shall not apply to gold, silver, platinum, diamond, precious and semi precious stones.

Replacement/ Repair of Goods

7.18 a. The general provisions of Policy relating to export of replacement/ repaired goods shall apply equally to SEZ units, save that, cases not covered by these provisions shall be considered on merits by the Development Commissioner. b. The goods sold in the DTA and found to be defective may be brought back for repair/ replacement under intimation to Development Commissioner. c. Goods or parts thereof on being imported/ indigenously procured and found defective or otherwise unfit for use or which have been damaged or become defective after import/ procurement may be returned and replacement obtained or destroyed. In the event of replacement, the goods may be brought back from the foreign suppliers or their authorised agents in India or the indigenous suppliers. d. Goods may be transferred to DTA/abroad for repair/ replacement, testing or calibration, quality testing and R & D purpose under intimation to Customs authorities.

Management of SEZ

7.1 a. SEZ will be under the administrative control of the Development Commissioner. b. All activities in the zone of SEZ units, unless otherwise specified, shall be through self certification procedure.

Setting up of SEZ in Private/ Joint/ State Sector

7.0 A SEZ may be set up in the public, private, joint sector or by state Government as notified by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The existing Export Processing Zones (EPZs) may also be converted into SEZ by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry through issue of a notification.

Samples

7.1 SEZ units may, on the basis of records maintained by them, and on prior intimation to Customs authorities i. supply or sell samples in the DTA for display/market promotion on payment of applicable duties; ii. Remove samples without payment of duty, on furnishing a suitable undertaking to Customs authorities for bringing the goods back within a stipulated period; iii. Samples, including samples made in wax models, silver models and rubber moulds may be exported on the basis of records maintained by the unit and under intimation to the Custom authorities. Samples may also be exported through courier agencies.

Sale of Un-utilised Material/ Obsolete goods

7. a. In case an SEZ unit is unable, for valid reasons, to utilize the goods, including capital goods and spares, it may dispose them in the DTA in accordance with the import policy in force and on payment of applicable duties or export them. b. Capital goods and spares that have become obsolete/surplus may either be exported or disposed of in the DTA on payment of applicable duties. The benefit of depreciation, as applicable, will be available in case of disposal in DTA. c. No duty shall be payable if the goods are destroyed with the permission of Customs authorities. d. SEZ unit may be allowed by Customs authorities concerned to donate imported/ indigenously procured (bought or taken on loan) computer and computer peripherals, including printer, plotter, scanner, monitor, key-board and storage units without payment of duty, two years after their import/procurement and use by the units, to recognized non-commercial educational institutions, registered charitable hospitals, public libraries, public funded research and development establishments, organisations of the Government of India or Government of a State or Union Territory as per Custom/ Central Excise notification issued in this regard.

Entitlement for SEZ Developer

7. a. Developer of SEZ in the Private/Joint/State sector may import/ procure goods from DTA without payment of duty for the development, operation and maintenance of SEZ. b. SEZ developer shall be eligible for the entitlements as provided for in the Income Tax Act for development, operation and maintenance of SEZ.

Transitional Arrangements

7.4 An existing EPZ unit will have the following options a. It can opt for SEZ Scheme under this Chapter. On conversion, its previous obligations as an EPZ unit shall be subsumed by its obligations under the SEZ Scheme. The raw materials, components, consumable and finished goods lying in stock with the unit at the time of conversion shall be taken as its opening balance under the SEZ Scheme. All unutilized DTA sale entitlements of the unit shall cease to exist from the date of conversion as notified by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry b. In case an existing EPZ unit decides not to opt for (a) above, it can either convert into an EOU or de-bond. In both the cases, the unit shall physically move out of the SEZ.

Export oriented units (eous), units in export processing zones (epzs), electronics hardware technology parks (ehtps) and software technology parks (stps)

Eligibility

6.1 Units undertaking to export their entire production of goods and services may be set up under the Export Oriented Unit (EOU) Scheme, Export Processing Zone (EPZ) Scheme, Electronic Hardware Technology Park (EHTP) Scheme or Software Technology Park (STP) Scheme. Such units may be engaged in manufacture, services, repair, remaking, reconditioning, re-engineering including making of gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery and articles thereof, agriculture, including agro-processing, aquaculture, animal husbandry, bio-technology, floriculture, horticulture, pisciculture, viticulture, poultry, sericulture and granites and may export all products except restricted and prohibited items of exports in ITC (HS). Units for generation/distribution of power may also set up in EPZs. No trading units shall be permitted.

Export and import of goods

6. An EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/S TP unit may export goods and services including agro-products, partly processed jewellery, sub-assemblies and components. It may also export by-products, rejects, waste scrap arising out of the production process. An EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP unit may import without payment of duty all types of goods, including capital goods, as defined in the Policy, required by it for its activities as mentioned in paragraph 6.1 above or in connection therewith, provided they are not prohibited items of imports in the ITC (HS). The units shall also be permitted to import goods required for the approved activity, including capital goods, free of cost or on loan from clients. EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units may procure goods required by it for its activities or in connection therewith, without payment of duty, from bonded warehouses in the DTA set up under the Policy and from International Exhibitions held in India.STP/ EHTP/ EPZ may import without payment of duty all types of goods for creating a central facility for use by software development units in STP/ EHTP/ EPZ. The central facility for software development can also be accessed by units in the DTA for export of software.An EOU engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, floriculture, horticulture, pisciculture, viticulture, poultry or sericulture may import without payment of duty only such goods as are permitted to be imported duty free under a Custom Notification issued in this behalf. Further EOUs in agriculture and horticulture engaged in contract farming shall be permitted to import/procure from DTA specified goods as at Appendix 14-B of Handbook (Vol.1) and take out the same to the fields of contract farmers for production or in connection therewith and bringing back the produce for exports.EOU/ EPZ gem and jewellery units may also source gold/ silver/ platinum through the nominated agencies.EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP unit, other than service units, may also export to Russian Federation in Indian Rupees against repayment of State Credit/Escrow Rupee Account of the buyer subject to RBI clearance, if any.

Second hand Capital Goods

6. Second hand capital goods may also be imported without payment of duty.

Leasing of Capital Goods

6.4 An EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP unit may, on the basis of a firm contract between the parties, source the capital goods from a domestic/foreign leasing company. In such a case, the EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP unit and the domestic/foreign leasing company shall jointly file the documents to enable import/ procurement of the capital goods without payment of duty.

Net Foreign Exchange earning as a Percentage of exports (NFEP) and Minimum Export Performance (EP)

6.5 The minimum Net Foreign Exchange earning as a Percentage of Exports (NFEP) and the minimum Export Performance (EP) shall be as specified in Appendix I of the Policy. Items of manufacture for export specified in the Letter of Permission (LOP)/ Letter of Intent (LOI) alone shall be taken into account for calculation of NFEP and EP.

Letter of Permission/ Letter of Intent and Legal Undertaking

6.6 a. On approval, a Letter of Permission (LOP)/Letter of Intent (LOI) shall be issued by the Development Commissioner to EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP unit. The LOP/LOI shall have an initial validity of years. Its validity may be extended by another years, beyond initial validity, by the competent authority. b. LOP/LOI issued to EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP units by the concerned authority would be construed as a licence for all purposes, including for procurement of raw materials and consumables either directly or through designated State Trading Enterprise. Standard format for LOP/LOI for EOU/EPZ units is given in Appendix 14-C. c. The unit shall execute a legal undertaking with the Development Commissioner concerned and in the event of failure to fulfil the performance, as stipulated in Appendix I of the Policy, it would be liable to penalty in terms of the legal undertaking or under any other law for the time being in force.

Application and Approvals

6.7 a. Only project having an investment of not less than Rs.50 lakhs and above in plant and machinery shall be considered for establishment under EOU scheme. (This shall however not apply to existing units and units in EPZ/EHTP/STP/ agriculture/ floriculture/aquaculture/ animal husbandry/ information technology, services and such other sectors as may be decided by the BOA). Applications for setting up of EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP units, satisfying the conditions mentioned in paragraph 6.7 of the Handbook (Vol-I) may be approved by the concerned Development Commissioner within 15 days. b. In other cases, approval may be granted by the Board of Approval (BOA) set up for this purpose as notified and indicated at Appendix 14-B. c. Proposals requiring industrial license may be considered by the Board of Approval on a case to case basis.

DTA Sale of finished products/ rejects waste/ scrap/ remnants and by-products

6.8 The entire production of EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP units shall be exported subject to the following a. Unless specifically prohibited in the LOP/LOI, rejects may be sold in the Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) on payment of duties as applicable to sale under paragraph 6.8(b) of the Policy, on prior intimation to the Customs authorities. Such sales shall be counted against DTA sale entitlement under paragraph 6.8(b) of the Policy. Sale of rejects upto 5% of FOB value of exports shall not be subject to achievement of NFEP. b. Units, other than gems and jewellery units, may sell goods/ service s upto 50 % of FOB value of exports, subject to fulfilment of minimum NFEP as prescribed in Appendix-I of the Policy on payment of applicable duties. Sales made to a private bonded warehouse set up under paragraph . of the policy shall also be taken into account for the purpose of arriving at FOB value of exports by EOU/EPZ units provided payment for such sales are made from EEFC account. No DTA sale shall be permissible in respect of motor cars, alcoholic liquors, tea (except instant tea) and books or by a packaging/labelling /segregation/ refrigeration unit and such other items as may be notified from time to time. c. Gems and jewellery units may sell upto 10% of FOB value of exports of the preceding year in DTA subject to fulfilment of NFEP as prescribed in Appendix 1 of the Policy. In respect of sales of plain jewellery, the recipient shall pay concessional rate of duty to the Customs in Indian rupees as applicable to sale from nominated agencies. In respect of studded jewellery, duty shall be payable in Indian rupees as notified by Customs. d. Scrap/ waste/ remnants arising out of production process or in connection therewith may be exported or sold in the DTA on payment of duties as applicable under paragraph 6.8 (b) of the Policy within the overall ceiling of 50% of FOB value of exports but shall not be subject to achievement of minimum NFEP. Sale of waste/scrap/remnants by units not entitled to DTA sale or sales beyond the DTA sale entitlement, shall be on payment of full duties. e. There shall be no duties/taxes on such scrap/ waste/ remnants in case the same are destroyed with the permission of Customs authorities. f. EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units may be permitted to sell finished products which are freely importable under the Policy in the DTA over and above the levels permissible under sub paragraph (b) above against payment of full duties, provided they have achieved the NFEP and EP as per Appendix-I of the Policy. Such sales may also be permitted in exceptional cases without achievement of NFEP/ EP. g. For services, including software units, sale in the DTA in any mode, including on-line data communication, shall be permissible up to 50% of FOB value of exports and/or 50% of foreign exchange earned, where payment for such services is received in free foreign exchange. h. By-products included in the LOP/LOI may also be sold in the DTA subject to achievement of NFEP and on payment of applicable duties within the overall entitlement of paragraph 6.8 (b) of the Policy. Sale of by-products by units not entitled to DTA sales or beyond the entitlements of paragraph 6.8(b) shall also be permissible on payment of full duties. NoteIn the case of units manufacturing electronics hardware and software, the NFEP and DTA sale entitlement shall be reckoned separately for hardware and software.

Other Supplies in DTA

6. The following supplies in DTA shall be counted towards fulfillment of NFEP/ EP a. Supplies effected in DTA in terms of paragraph 8. of the Policy b. Supplies effected in DTA against payment from the Exchange Earners Foreign Currency (EEFC) Account of the buyer in the DTA or against foreign exchange remittance received from overseas. c. Supplies to other EOU/ EPZ/EHTP/ STP/ SEZ units provided that such goods are permissible for procurement in terms of paragraph 6. of the Policy. d. upplies made to private bonded warehouses set up under paragraph . of the Policy and/or under Section 65 of the Customs Act. e. Supply of goods against special entitlement of duty free import of goods. f. Supply of goods to Defence and internal security forces, foreign missions/ diplomats provided they are entitled for duty free imports of such items in terms of general exemption notification issued by Ministry of Finance. g. Supply of services (by services units) relating to exports paid for in free foreign exchange or for such services rendered in India Rupees which are otherwise considered as having been paid for in free foreign exchange by RBI. h. Supplies of Information Technology Agreement (ITA-I) items, provided that the items are manufactured in the unit and attract zero rate of basic customs duty.

Export through status holder

6.10 An EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP unit may export goods manufactured by it through a merchant exporter/status holder recognized under this Policy or any other EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP/ SEZ unit.

Samples

6.11 Procedure for export/supply of samples by EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units is given in paragraph 6.11 of the Handbook Vol-I.

Entitlement for supplies from the DTA

6.1 a. Supplies from the DTA to EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units will be regarded as deemed exports and the DTA supplier shall be eligible for the relevant entitlements under paragraph 8. of this Policy besides discharge of EP if any, on the supplier. In addition the EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units shall be entitled to the following- o Reimbursement of Central Sales Tax. o Exemption from payment of Central Excise Duty on all goods as per entitlement under Paragraph 6. of the Policy. o Reimbursement of Central Excise Duty paid on bulk tea procured from licenced auction centres by Development Commissioner of concerned Zone so long as levy on bulk tea in this regard is in force. o Reimbursement of Duty paid on fuels procured from domestic oil companies, by the Development Commissioner of the concerned Zone as per the rate of Drawback notified by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade from time to time. b. Supplier of cut and polished diamonds, precious and semi-precious stones, synthetic stones and processed pearls from DTA to EOU/EPZ units shall be eligible for grant of Replenishment Licenses at the rates and for the items mentioned in Appendix-1 of the Handbook (Vol.1). The entitlements under paragraph (a) (i) and (ii) above shall be available provided the goods supplied are manufactured in India.

Other Entitlements

6.1 Other entitlements of EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units are indicated in the Handbook (Vol-I).

Inter Unit Transfer

6.14 a. Transfer of manufactured goods from one EOU/EPZ/ EHTP/STP unit to another EOU/EPZ/ EHTP/ STP/SEZ unit will be allowed. b. Goods imported/procured by an EPZ unit may be transferred or given on loan or lease to another EPZ unit in the same Zone which shall be duly accounted for, but not counted towards discharge of export performance. c. Capital goods may be transferred or given on loan with prior permission of the concerned Development Commissioner/ Customs authorities.

Sub-Contracting

6.15 a. The EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP units other than gem and jewellery units, may on the basis of annual permission from the Customs authorities, sub-contract production process in DTA, which may also involve change of form or nature of the goods, through job work by units in the DTA. These units may also sub-contract up to 50% of the overall production of previous year in value terms for job work in DTA with the permission of Customs authorities. Sub-contracting of both production and production process may also be undertaken without any limit through other EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP/SEZ units on the basis of records maintained in the unit. Subcontracting of part of production process may also be permitted abroad with the approval of the Board of Approval.b. EOU/EPZ units may, on the basis of annual permission from the Custom Authorities, undertake job-work for export, on behalf of DTA exporter, provided the goods are exported directly from the EOU/EPZ units and export documents are in the name of the DTA exporter. For such exports, the DTA units will be entitled to refund of duty paid on the inputs by way of Brand Rate of duty drawback. c. The scrap/waste/remnants generated at the job workers premises may be either cleared from the job workers premises on payment of duty or returned to the supplying unit. d. Gems and jewellery EOU/EPZ units are allowed to receive plain gold/silver/ platinum jewellery, including findings, components and semi-finished jewellery from DTA against exchange of equivalent quantity of gold / silver/ platinum, as the case may be, contained in the said jewellery. The DTA units supplying such jewellery against exchange of gold/silver/platinum shall not be entitled for deemed export benefits. The EOU/EPZ units shall not be eligible for wastage or manufacturing loss against jewellery.

Sale of Un-utilised Material

6.16 a. In case an EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP unit is unable, for valid reasons, to utilize the goods, imported or procured from DTA, it may dispose them in the DTA on payment of applicable duties and submission of import license by DTA unit, wherever applicable or export. Supply from one EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP unit to another such unit would be treated as import under this paragraph. b. Capital goods and spares that have become obsolete/surplus, may either be exported, transferred to another EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP or disposed of in the DTA on payment of applicable duties. The benefit of depreciation, as applicable, will be available in case of disposal in DTA. No duty shall be payable if the goods are destroyed with the permission of Customs authorities and under intimation to Development Commissioner.

Reconditioning Repair and Re-engineering

6.17 EOU/ EPZ/ EHTP/ STP units may be set up with the approval of BOA to carry out reconditioning, repair, remaking, testing, calibration, quality improvement, up-gradation of technology and re-engineering activities for export in freely convertible foreign currency. Such units may import goods of any origin for export in freely convertible foreign exchange for the above activities. The provisions of paragraphs 6.8,6. 6.10, 6.11, 6.1, 6.14, and 6.15 of this Chapter shall not, however, apply to such activities.

Replacement/ Repair of imported/ indigenous goods

6.18 a. The general provisions of the Policy relating to export of replacement/repaired goods would also apply equally to EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP units, save that, cases not covered by these provisions shall be considered on merits by the Development Commissioner. b. The goods sold in the DTA and found to be defective may be brought back for repair/ replacement under intimation to the concerned jurisdictional Customs/Excise authorities. c. Goods or parts thereof on being imported/ indigenously procured and found defective or otherwise unfit for use or which have been damaged or become defective after import/ procurement may be returned and replacement obtained or destroyed. In the event of replacement, the goods may be brought back from the foreign suppliers or their authorized agents in India or indigenous suppliers.

Bonding

6.1 The initial bonding period for units under the EOU/EHTP/STP Schemes shall be 5 years. This period may be extended further by the Development Commissioner concerned for period of 5 years at a time.

Debonding

6.0 a. Subject to the approval of the Development Commissioner, EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP units may be debonded. Such debonding shall be subject to payment of duties of Customs and Excise and the industrial policy in force at the time of debonding. b. If the unit has not achieved the obligations under the scheme, the debonding shall also be subject to penalty as may be imposed by the competent authority. c. In the event of a gem and jewellery unit ceasing its operation, gold and other precious metals, alloys, gem and other materials available for manufacture of jewellery, shall be handed over to an agency nominated by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Department of Commerce) at the price to be determined by that agency. d. An EOU/EPZ/EHTP/STP unit may also be permitted by the Development Commissioner, as a one time option, to debond on payment of duty on capital goods under the prevailing EPCG Scheme, subject to the unit satisfying the eligibility criteria under that Scheme and standard conditions, as per Appendix 14-J of the Handbook (Vol-I).

Conversion

6.1 a. Existing DTA units, may also apply for conversion into an EOU/EHTP/STP unit, but no concession in duties and taxes would be available under the scheme for plant, machinery and equipment already installed. b. The existing EHTP/STP units may also apply for conversion/merger to EOU unit and vice-versa. In such cases the units will continue to remain in bond and avail the permissible exemption in duties and taxes as applicable under the relevant scheme.

Monitoring of NFEP/ EP and maintenance of records

6. Net Foreign exchange Earning as a Percentage of exports (NFEP) shall be calculated cumulatively for a period of five years from the commencement of commercial production according to the formula given in the Handbook (Vol.1).The performance of EOU/EPZ units will be monitored as per the Guidelines given in Appendix 14-E of Handbook (Vol.1).

Export through Exhibitions/ Export Promotion Tours/ Export of branded jewellery/ Export through show rooms abroad/Duty Free Shops.

6. EOU/EPZ gem and jewellery units shall be entitled for the following i. Export of gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery and articles thereof, for holding/ participating in exhibitions abroad with the permission of Development Commissioner. ii. Personal carriage of gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery, precious, semi-precious stones, beads and articles. iii. Export of jewellery and branded jewellery is also permitted for display/sale in the permitted shops set up abroad. iv. Display/ sell in the permitted shops set up abroad or in the show rooms of their distributors/ agents. v. Set up show rooms/retail outlets at the International Airports for sale of jewellery.

Personal carriage of Export/ Import parcel

6.4 Personal carriage of gems and jewellery export parcels by foreign bound passengers and personal carriage of gems and jewellery, import parcels by an Indian or foreign national may be permitted as per the conditions given in paragraph 6.4 of the Handbook (Vol.1).

Export by Post / Courier

6.5 Gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery and articles thereof may be exported by airfreight or through Foreign Post Office or through courier.

Development of infrastructure in EPZs.

6.6 Development of infrastructure, including construction of Standard Design Factory Buildings in an EPZ may be undertaken through private/joint/State sector as per the guidelines given in Appendix-14 H of Handbook (Vol.I).

Administration of EOU/ EPZ units

6.7 Details of administration of EOU/EPZ units are given in Handbook (Vol.1).

Revival of Sick units

6.8 Subject to a unit being declared sick by the appropriate authority, proposals for revival of the unit or its take over may be considered by the Board of Approval.

Note In the case of units under EHTP/ STP Schemes, necessary approval / permission under relevant paragraphs of this Chapter shall be granted by the officer designated by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Department of Information Technology for the purpose instead of the Development Commissioner of EPZ and by the Inter-Ministerial Standing Committee (IMSC) instead of BOA.

Export promotion capital goods scheme

5.1 The scheme allows import of new capital goods including CKD/SKD thereof as well as computer software systems at 5% Customs duty subject to an export obligation equivalent to 5 times CIF value of capital goods to be fulfilled over a period of 8 years reckoned from the date of issuance of licence over a period of 8 years. However, in respect of EPCG licences for Rs.100 crore or more, the same export obligation shall be required to be fulfilled over a period of 1 years. The capital goods shall include jigs, fixtures, dies and moulds. Spares may also be imported under the scheme upto 0% of the CIF value of capital goods. EPCG licence may also be issued for import of components of such capital goods required for assembly or manufacturer of capital goods by the licence holder.

Eligibility

5. The scheme covers manufacturer exporters with or without supporting manufacturer(s)/vendor(s), merchant exporters tied to supporting manufacturer(s) and service providers.

Conditions for Import of Capital Goods

Import of capital goods shall be subject to Actual User condition till the export obligation is completed.

Export Obligation

The following conditions shall apply to the fulfillment of the export obligation- i. The export obligation shall be fulfilled by the export of goods capable of being manufactured or produced by the use of the capital goods imported under the scheme. The export obligation may also be fulfilled by the export of same goods, for which EPCG licence has been obtained, manufactured or produced in different manufacturing units of the licence holder/ specified supporting manufacturer(s)/ vendor(s).However, if exporter is processing further to add value on the goods so manufactured, the export obligation shall stand enhanced by 50%. ii. The export obligation under the scheme shall be, in addition to any other export obligation undertaken by the importer, except the export obligation for the same product under Advance Licence, DFRC, DEPB or Drawback scheme. The export obligation under the scheme shall be, over and above, the average level of exports achieved by him in the preceding three licensing years for same and similar products except for categories mentioned in Handbook (Vol.1).

5.5.1 Any firm/ company acquiring a unit which is under BIFR shall be allowed 1 years for fulfilment of export obligation reckoned from the date of issuance of licence . This dispensation would be only for EPCG licences taken by the BIFR unit.

Indigenous Sourcing of Capital Goods and benefits to domestic supplier

A person holding an EPCG licence may source the capital goods from a domestic manufacturer instead of importing them. The domestic manufacturer supplying capital goods to EPCG licence holders shall be eligible for deemed export benefit under paragraph 8. of the Policy.

Benefits to Domestic Supplier

5.7 In the event of a firm contract between the EPCG licence holder and domestic manufacturer for such sourcing, the domestic manufacturer may apply for the issuance of Advance Licence for deemed exports for the import of inputs including components required for the manufacturer of said capital goods.The domestic manufacturer may also replenish the inputs including components after supply of capital goods to the EPCG licence holders. The export obligation relating to the EPCG licence shall be reckoned with reference to the CIF value of the licence actually utilized.

5.8 Service provider in Agri export zone shall have the facility to move or shift the capital goods within the zone provided he maintains accurate record of such movements. However, such equipments shall not be sold or leased by the licence holder.

Duty Exemption / Remission Scheme

Duty Exemption/ Remission Scheme

4.1 The Duty Exemption Scheme enables duty free import of inputs required for export production. An Advance Licence is issued under Duty Exemption Scheme. The Duty Remission Scheme enables post export replenishment/ remission of duty on inputs used in the export product. Duty Remission scheme consist of (a) DFRC and (b) DEPB. DFRC permits duty free replenishment used in the export product. The DEPB scheme allows drawback of import charges on inputs used in the export product.

Advance Licence

4.1.1 An Advance Licence is issued to allow duty free import of inputs, which are physically incorporated in the export product (making normal allowance for wastage). In addition, fuel, oil, energy, catalysts etc. which are consumed in the course of their use to obtain the export product, may also be allowed under the scheme. Duty free import of mandatory spares upto 10% of the CIF value of the licence which are required to be exported/ supplied with the resultant product may also be allowed under Advance Licence. Advance Licence can be issued for- · Physical exports- Advance Licence may be issued for physical exports to a manufacturer exporter or merchant exporter tied to supporting manufacturer(s) for import of inputs required for the export product. · Intermediate supplies- Advance Licence may be issued for intermediate supply to a manufacturer-exporter for the import of inputs required in the manufacture of goods to be supplied to the ultimate exporter/ deemed exporter holding another Advance Licence. · Deemed exports- Advance Licence can be issued for deemed export to the main contractor for import of inputs required in the manufacture of goods to be supplied to the categories mentioned in paragraph 8. (b), (c), (d) (e) (f),(g) (i) and (j) of the Policy. · In addition, in respect of supply of goods to specified projects mentioned in paragraph 8. (d) (e) (f),(g) and (j) of the Policy, an Advance Licence for deemed export can also be availed by the sub-contractor of the main contractor to such project provided the name of the sub contractor(s) appears in the main contract. Such licence for deemed export can also be issued for supplies made to United Nations Organisations or under the Aid Programme of the United Nations or other multilateral agencies and paid for in foreign exchange.

4.1. Advance Licence is issued for duty free import of inputs, as defined in paragraph 4.1.1 subject to actual user condition. Such licences (other than Advance Licence for deemed exports) are exempted from payment of basic customs duty, additional customs duty, anti dumping duty and safeguard duty, if any. However, Advance Licence for deemed export shall be exempted from basic customs duty and additional customs duty only.

4.1. Advance Licence and/or materials imported thereunder shall not be transferable even after completion of export obligation.

4.1.4 Advance Licences (including Advance Licence for deemed exports and intermediate supply) shall be issued with a positive value addition. However, for exports for which payments are not received in freely convertible currency, the same shall be subject to value addition as specified in Appendix- of Handbook (Vol.1), 00-07.

4.1.5 Advance Licence shall be issued in accordance with the Policy and procedure in force on the date of issue of licence and shall be subject to the fulfillment of a time bound export obligation as may be specified.

4.1.6 The facility of Advance Licence shall also be available where some of the inputs are supplied free of cost to the exporter. In such cases, for calculation of value addition, the notional value of free of cost inputs alongwith value of other duty-free inputs shall be taken into consideration.

Export Obligation

4.1.7 The period for fulfillment of the export obligation under Advance Licence shall be as prescribed in the Handbook (Vol.1).

Advance Release Orders

4.1.8 An Advance Licence holder (except Advance Licence for intermediate supply) and holder of DFRC intending to source the inputs from indigenous sources/state trading enterprises/ EOU/ EPZ/ SEZ/ EHTP/ STP units in lieu of direct import has the option to source them against Advance Release Orders denominated in foreign exchange/Indian rupees. The transferee of a DFRC shall also be eligible for ARO facility.

Back-to-Back Inland Letter of Credit

4.1. An Advance Licence holder, (except Advance Licence for intermediate supply) and holder of DFRC may, instead of applying for an Advance Release Order, avail of the facility of Back-to-Back Inland Letter of Credit in accordance with the procedure specified in Handbook (Vol.1).

Prohibited Items

4.1.10 Prohibited items of imports mentioned in ITC(HS) shall not be imported under the licence issued under the scheme.

Compliance with Export Policy

4.1.11 Goods mentioned as restricted for exports in ITC(HS) may be exported without specific export licence/ certificate/ permission under Advance Licence for physical exports issued with prior import condition. In such cases, the licence/certificate/permission holder shall not be allowed to use indigenous inputs and the export product shall be manufactured only out of imported inputs under Advance Licence for physical exports.

Re-import of Exported Goods under Duty Neutralisation Scheme

4.1.1 Goods exported under Advance Licence/ DFRC/ DEPB may be re-imported in the same or substantially the same form subject to such conditions as may be specified by the Department of Revenue from time to time.

Admissibility of Drawback

4.1.1 In the case of an Advance Licence, the drawback shall be available in respect of any of the duty paid materials, whether imported or indigenous, used in the goods exported, as per the drawback rate fixed by Ministry of Finance (Directorate of Drawback). The Drawback shall however be restricted to the duty paid materials as mentioned in the licence.

Value Addition

4.1.14 The value addition for the purposes of this chapter shall be-V.A. A-B=-------------- x 100, whereBV.A is Value AdditionA is the FOB value of the export realised /FOR value of supply received.B is the CIF value of the imported inputs covered by the licence, plus any other imported materials used on which the benefit of duty drawback is being claimed.

Duty Free Replenishment Certificate

4. DFRC is issued to a merchant-exporter or manufacturer-exporter for the import of inputs used in the manufacture of goods without payment of basic customs duty, and special additional duty. However, such inputs shall be subject to the payment of additional customs duty equal to the excise duty at the time of import.

4..1 DFRC shall be issued on minimum value addition of %.

4.. DFRC may be issued in respect of exports for which payments are received in non-convertible currency. Such exports shall, however, be subject to value addition and conditions as specified in Appendix- of Handbook (Vol.1).

4.. DFRC shall be issued only in respect of export products covered under the SIONs as notified by DGFT. However, DFRC shall not be issued in respect of SIONs which are subject to actual user condition or where the input is allowed with prior import condition or where the norms allow import of Acetic Anhydride, Ephedrine and Pseudo Ephedrine in the Handbook (Vol-II).However DFRC may be issued for SIONs allowing import of Acetic Anhydride, Ephedrine and Pseudo Ephedrine provided these items are specifically deleted from the list of import items.

4..4 DFRC shall be issued for import of inputs as per SION as indicated in the shipping bills. The validity of such licences shall be 18 months. DFRC and or the material(s) imported against it shall be freely transferable.

4..5 The export products, which are eligible for modified VAT, shall be eligible for CENVAT credit. However, non excisable, non dutiable or non centrally vatable products, shall be eligible for drawback at the time of exports in lieu of additional customs duty to be paid at the time of imports under the scheme.

4..6 The exporter shall be entitled for drawback benefits in respect of any of the duty paid materials, whether imported or indigenous, used in the export product as per the drawback rate fixed by Directorate of Drawback (Ministry of Finance). The drawback shall however be restricted to the duty paid materials not covered under SION.

Jobbing, Repairing etc. for re-export

4..7 Import of goods, including those mentioned as restricted in ITC(HS) but excluding prohibited items, in terms of paragraph 4.1.1 supplied free of cost, may be permitted for the purpose of jobbing without a licence/ certificate/ permission as per the terms of notification issued by Department of Revenue from time to time.

Duty Entitlement Passbook Scheme

4. The objective of DEPB is to neutralise the incidence of Customs duty on the import content of the export product. The neutralisation shall be provided by way of grant of duty credit against the export product.

4..1 Under the DEPB, an exporter may apply for credit, as a specified percentage of FOB value of exports, made in freely convertible currency. The credit shall be available against such export products and at such rates as may be specified by the Director General of Foreign Trade by way of public notice issued in this behalf, for import of raw materials, intermediates, components, parts, packaging material etc.

4.. The holder of DEPB shall have the option to pay additional customs duty, if any, in cash as well.

Validity

4.. The DEPB shall be valid for a period of 1 months from the date of issue.

Transferability

4..4 The DEPB and/or the items imported against it are freely transferable. The transfer of DEPB shall however be for import at the port specified in the DEPB, which shall be the port from where exports have been made. Imports from a port other than the port of export shall be allowed under TRA facility as per the terms and conditions of the notification issued by Department of Revenue.

Applicability of Drawback

4..5 Normally, the exports made under the DEPB Scheme shall not be entitled for drawback. However, the additional customs duty/excise duty paid in cash on inputs under DEPB shall be adjusted as CENVAT Credit or Duty Drawback as per rules framed by the Department of Revenue. In cases, where the additional customs duty is adjusted from DEPB, no benefit of CENVAT/ Drawback shall be admissible.

Scheme for Gem and Jewellery

4.4 Exporters of gem and jewellery are eligible to import their inputs by obtaining Replenishment (REP) Licences from the licensing authorities in accordance with the procedure specified in this behalf.

Replenishment Licence

4.4.1 The exporters of gem and jewellery products listed in Appendix-6 of the Handbook (Vol.1) shall be eligible for grant of Replenishment Licences at the rate and for the items mentioned in the said Appendix to import and replenish their inputs. Replenishment licence may also be issued for import of consumables as per the details given in paragraph 4.80 of Handbook (Vol.1).

Export of Cut & Polished Diamonds for Certification / Grading

4.4. Gems and Jewellery exporters with a track record of at least three years and having an annual average turnover of Rs.5 crores and above during the preceding three licensing years or the authorised offices /agencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA), The Robert Mouawad Campus, International Gemological Institute (IGI) and European Gemological Laboratory (EGL) in USA, Hoge Road Voor Diamand, Antwerp, (HRD), World Diamond Centre of Diamonds High Council, Antwerp, Belgium may be permitted to export cut & polished diamonds each weighing 0.50 of a carat and above to the said laboratories/agencies, for the purpose of certification/grading reports by them with a condition that the same should be re-imported with the certificate/grading reports issued by them without any import duty at the time of re-import.

4.4..1 At the time of export of cut and polished diamonds for certification/grading, exporter should give an undertaking to the customs that the cut and polished diamonds will be re-imported within three months of exports for certification/ grading. The export invoice should clearly indicate the estimated value, height, circumference, weight of each diamond to be exported for certification/ grading so that at the time of their import, the above specification could be compared with the original ones to establish their identity. Subsequently these cut and polished diamonds would be exported as per the provisions of the Policy.

Schemes for Gold/ Silver/ Platinum Jewellery

4.4. Exporters of gold/silver/platinum jewellery and articles thereof may import their essential inputs such as gold, silver, platinum, mountings, findings, rough gems, precious and semi-precious stones, synthetic stones and unprocessed pearls etc. in accordance with the procedure specified in this behalf.

Nominated Agencies

4.4.4 The exporter availing the schemes of gold/ silver/platinum jewellery and articles thereof may obtain gold/silver/platinum from the nominated agencies. The nominated agencies are MMTC Ltd, Handicraft and Handloom Export Corporation (HHEC), State Trading Corporation (STC), The Project and Equipment Corporation of India Ltd (PEC) and any agency authorised by Reserve Bank of India (RBI). A bank authorised by RBI is allowed export of gold scrap for refining and import in the form of standard gold bars.

Items of Export

4.4.5 The following items, if exported, would be eligible for the facilities under these schemes a. Gold jewellery, including partly processed jewellery and any articles including medallions and coins (excluding the coins of the nature of legal tender), whether plain or studded, containing gold of 8 carats and above; b. Silver jewellery including partly processed jewellery and any articles including medallions and coins (excluding the coins of the nature of legal tender and any engineering goods) containing more than 50% silver by weight; c. Platinum jewellery including partly processed jewellery and any articles including medallions and coins (excluding the coins of the nature of legal tender and any engineering goods) containing more than 50% platinum by weight.

Value Addition

4.4.6 The value addition will be as given in Handbook (Vol.1).

Wastage Norms

4.4.7 Under the schemes for gold/ silver/ platinum jewellery, the wastage or manufacturing loss shall be admissible as specified in the Handbook (Vol.1).

Export Against Supply by Foreign Buyer

4.4.8 Where export orders are placed on the nominated agencies/ status holder/ exporters of three years standing having an annual average turnover of Rs. Five Crore during the preceding three licensing years, the foreign buyer may supply to the nominated agencies/status holder/ exporter, in advance and free of charge, gold/ silver/ platinum, alloys, findings and mountings of gold/silver/platinum for manufacture and export. The exports may be made by the nominated agencies directly or through their associates or by the status holder/exporter as the case may be. The import and export of findings shall be on net to net basis. The foreign buyer may also supply to the nominated agencies/status holder/ exporter in advance and free of charge plain, semi finished gold/silver/platinum jewellery including findings/ mountings/ components for repairs/re-make and export subject to minimum value addition of 10%. However, if the so imported semi finished gold/silver /platinum jewellery is exported as studded jewellery, value addition of 15% shall be achieved. In such cases of export, wastage of % may be permitted. The procedures in this regard shall be as prescribed in the Handbook (Vol.1)

Export Promotion Tours / Export of Branded Jewellery

Export Against Supply by Nominated Agencies

4.4.10 The exporter may obtain the gold/silver/platinum as an input for export products from nominated agencies in advance or as replenishment after exports in accordance with the procedure specified in this behalf.

Export Against Advance Licence

4.4.11 An Advance Licence may be granted for the duty free import of a. Gold of fineness not less than 0.5 and mountings, sockets, frames and findings of 8 carats and above; b. Silver of fineness not less than 0.5 and mountings, sockets, frames and findings containing more than 50% silver by weight; c. Platinum of fineness not less than 0.00, mountings, sockets, frames and findings containing more than 50% platinum by weight.

4.4.1 Such licences shall carry an export obligation which will be required to be fulfilled in accordance with the procedure specified in this behalf.The Advance Licence holder may obtain gold/silver/platinum from the nominated agencies in lieu of direct import in accordance with the procedure specified in this behalf.

Gem Replenishment Licence

4.4.1 Gem Replenishment (Gem REP) Licence may be issued under the schemes for export of gold/silver/platinum jewellery and articles thereof as given in paragraph 4.4.8, 4.4., 4.4.10 and 4.4.11 of the Policy. In the case of plain gold/ silver/platinum jewellery and articles, the value of such licences shall be determined with reference to the realisation in excess of the prescribed minimum value addition. In the case of studded gold/silver/platinum jewellery and articles thereof, the value of Gem Replenishment Licence shall be determined by taking into account the value of studdings used in items exported, after accounting for the value addition on gold/silver/platinum including admissible wastage. Such Gem REP licences shall be freely transferable.

Gem REP Rate and Item

4.4.14 The scale of replenishment and the item of import will be as prescribed in Appendix 6A of Handbook (Vol.1).

Personal Carriage of Export/ Import Parcels

4.4.15 Personal carriage of gems and jewellery export parcels by foreign bound passengers and personal carriage of gems & jewellery import parcels by an Indian importer/foreign national may be permitted as per the conditions given in Handbook (Vol.1).

Diamond Imprest Licence

4.4.16 Diamond Imprest Licence for import of cut & polished diamonds including semi processed diamonds, half cut diamonds, broken in any form, for mixing with cut & polished diamonds or for export as it is, may be issued for export of cut & polished diamonds. Such licences shall carry an export obligation, which has to be discharged in accordance with the procedure specified in this behalf.

Eligibility

4.4.16.1 An exporter of cut & polished diamonds who is status holder may be issued a licence for import of cut & polished diamonds upto 5% of the export performance of the preceding year of cut & polished diamonds.

Export Obligation

4.4.16. The export obligation against each consignment shall be fulfilled within a period of five months from the date of clearance of such consignment through Customs. However, at no point of time, the importer shall be required to maintain records of individual import consignments nor will they be required to co-relate export coPlease note that this sample paper on EXIM is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on EXIM, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on EXIM will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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I heard from my high school's English teacher that most of countries in the world have their own education system. They are different from each other. However, I didn't know much of them, because I didn't have a chance to study abroad. Two years ago I came to United States for my college education. During this time I completely understand the differences of the education system between Taiwan and U.S.A., especially in the middle school.

Let look at school ¡¥s experiences in Taiwan go to school six days a week, Monday to Friday from 7am to 4pm. On Saturday, the school closes at noon. We usually have seven classes a day, 40 minutes each. The students have 10 minutes breaks between classes. During lunch, we have one hour break to go out to eat. Most of the schools require students to wear uniforms during the school day. If you are student in Taiwan you have to pay tuition beginning with the first grade. After ninth grade, every student has to take on examination to get in to high school. If your grade is below average point, then you cannot go to high school. So you have to study hard for your future life. That is why students in Taiwan don't have free time to do a lot of extra activities.

On the other hand, the students in the United States go to school five days a week, Monday to Friday form 8am to pm. They usually have four classes a day for 80 minutes each. Also they have 10 minutes breaks between classes. But they only have 40 minutes for lunch and they cannot leave school for lunch. The U.S.A. school does not require students to wear uniforms so they can wear what ever they want to wear. Before college American families do not have to pay any tuition for a public school education. But they have to pay an education tax to the government every year. The U.S.A. student does not have to pass any examination to get to the next grade level but they do have to take an examination called the SAT to show their academic level. Also most American schools provide a lot of student activity for their free time.

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Overall, both side of the education system has their own advantage and disadvantage. The Taiwan's educations system more concentrates on students' academic skill in order to be more successful in their future. On the other hand, American's education system more cares on students' own interest. Let them have more free space to decide the future they like. And also by using student activities to make student get more social experiences and let them know how to deal with things in the real world.

I personally think that if anyone has chance to choose where to study, definitely they would choose United States. Taiwan's education system is too stressful for students and I don't think students can develop their best ability under this kind of stress. I hope that one day the education system in Taiwan would change to better condition for students.

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In the production of "A day in the death of Joe Egg", Alison Ross' set design enhances the overall effect of the production by the effective use of the elements of set design. Also the effective use of the drama elements as well, enhances the dramatic performance.

The drama elements include human context, dramatic tension, focus, place, mood, time, language, movement and symbols. Out of all these elements language is the only one that does not or have much relation directly towards the set design. This can provide physical context in which the drama is to be played out.

Just as all of these are elements of drama there are also elements of design. These include line, mass, shape, space, colour, tone and texture. The set that Alison Ross' used will be reviewed to examine how the elements were incorporated into the design of the set, furniture and props.

This performance was held at the Cremorne theatre complex, which is a small theatre, so that gives the audience the impact of actually being apart of the play because of the small area. Also because of there not being a lot of setting the stage is clearly visible and more attention to detail was taken to perfect the stage in the 160's.

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Alison Ross has payed a great deal of attention to the 160's era to get inspiration for this set design. Even to the very littlest detail has been considered to the wallpaper to the kidney shaped coffee table, the lamps and rugs. The colors and the shapes of the furniture back in the 160's is easily seen in this set design.

The set impacted the play because it was so authentic. The audience didn't not have to image what the set would have looked like back in the 160's because the set was so realistic. Every detail was taken care of even the colour and pattern of the wallpaper. The wall paper was the original 160's lime green pattern that was made especially for this production.

The stage was a unique style of a box set. Even thought the appearance of it looked like a couple of walls and a roof the actual shape were a lot more difficult. The se really had main walls that came to a point in the middle of the stage but doors opened up to reveal the stair behind but it was possible for the characters to exit stage left and right to go out the back of the house or to the front door.

There was area at the front of the stage, which is called the "Front cloth". which is an area where the actors come and tell stories that are more information into the play but is not apart of the actually story. This area enhanced the performance because the audience was able to understand the characters better and learn more about the family situation before this particular part in their lives. There were also doors either side of the front cloth to provided direct entry instead of entering the actual stage then stepping down on to it.

There was a space in the centre of the stage but above it, which was called the "Gauze box". This is the area where holly was skipping and being a regular child. This was the area where holly came to life as Shelia imagined her if she was normal. It was the image that Also Brian's mother, Grace, also continued say "Wouldn't it be lovely if she was running around". The audience was then given that image so it was the area that Holly was able to come to life.

AT the beginning there was a section of the play where Brian was in his classroom and the audience were the students. Although the home setting was behind to draw the audience's attention away from that a simple prop was used to focus on which would be in a classroom. There were no big screens of walls placed there but a simple projector screen.

In the house setting it could be seen that there was a great deal of life on stage. There were a lot of plants and in the script their house was often called a "zoo" because of the amount of animals they kept including cat, fish, birds and insects. The reason for this amount life in their home was because Shelia craved life to make up for the lack of life that Holly had. She need things living breathing growing and moving around her to make up for Holly. Also it can be seen that the ivy that goes up the walls slowly dies because things that are further away from of touch or reach begin to die.

All of these things have been considered whilst creating the setting for this production. In the production of "A day in the death of Joe Egg", Alison Ross' set design enhances the overall effect of the production by the effective use of the elements of set design. Also the effective use of the drama elements as well, enhances the dramatic performance. It can be seen that all the elements of both set design and drama have been used effectively to produce a spectacular production.

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