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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Comparison of propaganda usage between Hitler and Napoleon, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Comparison of propaganda usage between Hitler and Napoleon paper at affordable prices ! Propaganda is defined by Merriam-Webster as, "ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause." One theme of George Orwell's Animal Farm is the power of propaganda and how it can be used to achieve social control. Orwell supports this theme with his use of plot, symbolism, and use of the protagonist. I will compare the use of propaganda in Animal Farm to Adolph Hitler's use of propaganda in his quest to become one of the 0th century's most powerful dictators.


In the story Animal Farm, there are many different similarities between the characters in the story and people in real life. By comparing Napoleon's use of propaganda to the way Hitler used propaganda, I will illustrate the manner in which both subjects achieved the result they desired.


Napoleon craved power and control and used propaganda as a means to achieve this goal. Napoleon serves as the story's protagonist because of his need for power and desire to achieve complete control of the farm. One of the antagonists in the story is Snowball. Snowball was a pig that was "quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character." When debating over whether or not to build the windmill, it became clear to Napoleon that Snowball could deliver a better and more convincing speech than he could. If Snowball were to gain the support of all the animals, it would certainly hinder Napoleon's plan to control the farm. Napoleon puts an end to this threat by calling in the dogs and having Snowball chased off of the farm, thereby securing his place as "leader." Once in control of the farm, Napoleon had to make sure that no one would challenge his decisions. To do this Napoleon resorted to the use of propaganda. By spreading rumors about Snowball, he could persuade the other animals to believe that Snowball was a traitor and a coward.


Napoleon's strongest propaganda tool is Squealer. Squealer is "a clever and cunning pig that is intelligent, as well as a persuasive speaker." He plays a major role in the spread of propaganda in many ways. One example of propaganda being used to Napoleon's advantage is when the animals question the unbalanced distribution of milk and apples among the animals. Squealer convinced the animals that it was for their benefit. Squealer is less than truthful when he says the pigs dislike milk and apples and must eat them because they contain substances that are necessary to the health of a pig. Without apples and milk the pigs will not be able to perform their management duties and Mr. Jones may come back and take control of the farm. This propaganda effectively instills fear in the animals because they believe their leaders are sacrificing for the good of everyone on the farm, so they no longer feel the need to question the motives of the pigs.


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One of the most influential dictators of the 0th century was Adolph Hitler. Like Napoleon, he also used propaganda as a means to gain social control. Just as Napoleon had his "Squealer," so did Hitler in Paul Joseph Goebbels. Goebbels was chosen as propaganda leader of the Nazi Party and his work as a propagandist significantly aided Hitler's rise to power. Hitler used many forms of propaganda but was most successful in using words. Hitler made many enthusiastic speeches and gained the sympathy of the German people while at the same time gaining their support. By gaining social backing, Adolf Hitler could take control and invoke a revolution that would cause political chaos and provide Hitler with the perfect opportunity to become dictator. Although Napoleon was not a great speaker, he did have Squealer who would actually speak to the other animals and tell them what to do and what to think. Successfully persuading the other animals to do as they are told, Napoleon could do anything he wanted and no one would stop him or have the desire to stop him until it was too late.


I found it symbolic that Napoleon had three dogs escort him around the farm for protection and intimidation. This is similar to the way Hitler displayed a large military army in front of the German people as a morale booster, and in front of the world to intimidate and discourage other countries from either attacking or resisting.


One of the many underlying plots in this story is the conflict between truth and lies. In order for Napoleon to take control of the farm successfully he must constantly distort the truth about certain past events and even change the laws they created to suit his own needs. This, of course, is one of the very purposes of propaganda. Napoleon directs Squealer to tell the other animals that they have enough food when in fact starvation was staring them in the face. Another example of this indirection is when they wrote the original fifth commandment that said, "No animal shall drink alcohol." Later in the story Napoleon comes to enjoy alcohol and has Squealer rewrite the fifth commandment to say "no animal shall drink alcohol in excess." This shows that Napoleon is only interested in his own selfish desires, but by this time the animals believe without question anything that he says.


Under Hitler, worker protections were dismantled, one by one. Soon workers were laboring for longer hours for less pay. Since there were no trade unions left, the workers had no recourse. The Social Democrats were not organized and did not offer a solid front for opposing Hitler and his plans. The people soon found themselves overwhelmed by a highly organized and aggressive army of Nazi Party appointees who did whatever Hitler told them without question. This runs closely similar to what happened on the Animal Farm. As the animals surrendered all control to Napoleon, the lives of the animals worsened. Napoleon's plan was not for the animals' benefit at all. In both Hitler's and Napoleon's cases, they took advantage of the power that the people entrusted to them.


Both Napoleon and Hitler rose to the highest attainable position in their land. Their similar individual strengths allowed them to accomplish this. They both had a mastery of propaganda. More importantly, they knew how to use propaganda to unite and manipulate their people into following their leads, no matter how questionable. Once they had public support, they could and would use fear and loyalty to further push the boundaries of how far their society would go for them to be the ultimate super power. Napoleon and Hitler managed to destroy many lives and completely change the social, economical, political, and geographic structures of each of their worlds. Hitler said, "Without law and order our nation could not survive." Napoleon and Hitler sought law and order in the worst ways possible and many suffered the consequences.


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In trying to find a client for my Growth and Development paper, I found myself at P.B. Day Care Center; the day care I went to as a child.


PBDCC is a public day care for children ages -5. While most children who attend do speak English as their primary language, some children speak Spanish only.


The staff is bilingual, and teach both English as well as Spanish. There are approximately 50-75 students total. I decided to go upstairs where the bigger kids are.


I observed all the children for a while before zeroing in on a little boy named J.T. J.T. was the youngest of the bigger kids. He had just turned 4 the day before


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classes started. One teacher suggested that he may be interesting to observe since he was new to upstairs and was still trying to adjust. J.T. lives at home with his


mother (a banker), his father (a fireman), and his older brother (yrs. old).


Theoretically, according to Erikson, J.T. is in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage. He will develop initiative if he is made to feel positive about an activity. At this same


time his conscience is also developing; he is learning right from wrong and will feel guilt if his inner voice tells him that he is bad. Children at this age feel a great


sense of accomplishment and satisfaction in their activities. Physically, 4-year olds have an average weight of 6 /4 lbs and an average height of 40 1/ inches.


Their body types are slender and sturdy. They learn by example, yet are very independent. Their motor skills are more developed and they can use scissors


efficiently and can catch a ball reliably. During play,these children like to imitate adult behaviors make believe is a reality at this time. These children tend to identify


more with the parent of the opposite sex, and like to tell tales of thier family to others. (Wong, Ch.1).


J.T.seems to fit the theoretical description above fairly well. He is 5 lbs and inches tall (there was a scale in the nurses office). He definitely had a sense of


initiative. He was building a tower for me, and each time I gave him praise he would tell me, watch, I can do it bigger. He definitely seemed to have that great


sense of accomplishment! When he built it too high, the tower fell and broke. He looked at me and I did sense some shame there, as if his inner voice was telling


him that he was bad. After being told it was ok, he seemed fine. We then went to play with Play-Doh. He asked me to show him how to make a hotdog, but


then said, Me do it halfway through the demonstration. There goes the learn by example and very independent part! He told me alot about his family, including his


bird Chippy. However, he seemed to identify more with his father rather than his mother as the textbook says he should. He talked alot about his dad riding in the


fire truck, and also said he wants to be a fireman.


J.T. seems to be still working on the initiative vs. guilt issue. His motor skills seem to be exactly where they should be at this stage. He can walk down stairs


using alternate footing, and can catch a ball. His language is also where it should be as he is able to name almost all his colors, and can count to 0 in both English


and Spanish. He is able to remember simple songs and is also very inquisitive. Socially he enjoys entertaining, and is very social. He seems to have lost most of the


egocentristic attitude which I attribute to having an older sibling.


In an effort to promote optimal developmental advancement I believe that the main goal with this child is to promote a feeling of initiative rather than guilt. He


should be praised whenever he does something good, yet not told that he is a bad boy when he does something wrong. His parents should instead explain to him


that he is not bad, but rather what he did was bad and explain why. Supportive parenting will continue to help J.T.s development into the School-Age or


Industry vs. Inferiority stage.


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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in My opinion of the beliefs and impact on society the Moonies have, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your My opinion of the beliefs and impact on society the Moonies have paper at affordable prices ! Some people may and may not want to join the Moonies for various reasons such as early mornings, a lot of physical and mental exercise such as chanting and stretching, the amount of prayer and worship involved, the rituals they perform, their beliefs about God and the universe, and the restrictions they have on society.


Some people are just too lazy to wake up early in the morning to perform rituals, prayers and exercise. This may put them off joining the sect and not look further into the sect. Others may enjoy the early mornings and the exercise because they see it as a way to keep fit and healthy.


The amount of prayer and worship involved in the sect may also make people think twice. People may not want to pray or worship Sun Myung Moon because they can't be bothered, they can't stand the sounds produced from the chanting, or they aren't committed enough and would fail to keep up with the sect. Others may like the sound of constant chanting of the scriptures and the worship and prayer for eternal life with God through the leader of the Moonies.


Some rituals the Moonies perform may seem farfetched to interested people. They may not like or enjoy wearing formal clothing to the church, the prayers that are said during the masses, the commitment involved with these rituals, or the scriptures written to describe God and how members of the Moonies will be with Him in paradise for eternity. Others may like the sound of these scriptures and may believe that it is better than the religion they are with now. They enjoy these rituals because it makes them feel welcomed and loved.


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The restrictions that are enforced with the sect may not be very appealing to people who look at the Moonies. Strict marriage rules and no sex could put someone under a lot of pressure. Also drugs and smoking are banned, which could be a problem for addicts. Other people might see the sect as good and healthy environment with less crime and problems that are associated with other religions. It could be the chance to create a family and also be safe.


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Microsoft's Purchasing Problem


Problem


Microsoft today is finding that it has problems just like any other company. Problems could come from anywhere as far as cost reductions. All the material used in this paper is taken from the article Microsoft Takes Steps to World Class Procurement.


The problem that Microsoft found when it was looking at its financial material was that it needed to start cutting costs. Steve Ballmer the CEO of Microsoft issued a 1 billion dollar cost savings goal in 001. Today Microsoft was about to meet and exceed this goal. The goal was to be accomplished in 4 months and at 0 months Microsoft was sitting at $85 million. The cost savings could not have even come close to 1 billion dollars if it wasn't for a worldwide procurement strategy led by Don Jones. Since Microsoft keeps on growing into new markets and new lines of products the cost cutting goal is harder to accomplish.


Microsoft


Microsoft is an ever-growing company from numerous new products in existing product lines to new products in new product lines. A new product that Microsoft recently put out two or three years ago was the X box. The X box is a gaming system that is different from what Microsoft usually puts out for products. Since the X box has come out Microsoft has had to go overseas to get the raw materials to put it together.


Environment


The environment that Microsoft works in is a very global industry. Everyone all over the world has computers and they use Microsoft's software. Not only does Microsoft have to ship its software globally but also the material it brings in comes from different markets other then domestically. Microsoft today is the leader in the computer software industry. According to Microsoft financial statements history it brings in revenues quarterly from 5.5 million to 8.5 million. Revenues have increased over the years since Microsoft went from a domestic company to a global company. The Global environment that most companies are in now a day makes it a little harder to coordinate a very effective purchasing strategy. There are many factors that have to be taken into account when a company is dealing with suppliers in different countries. The two risks involved are political risks and economic risks. The economic risks deal with the currency changes, the fluctuation of the countries current currency compared to the American dollar. The political risks come from dealing with a company in another country and there political affairs.


Problem Resolution


The problem resolution began when Microsoft hired Don Jones to help out with the procurement strategy. The first thing that Don Jones and his procurement staff did was develop a set of online tools for use by the employees of Microsoft to buy indirect goods and services. Microsoft has online tools that let employees pick up day-to-day things that they need like PC's that are replaced quite often at Microsoft. Microsoft keeps the technology that it uses updated.


MS Market


One of the online tools that is used is MS market. MS market is the foundation for Microsoft's purchasing system. The MS market system allows company employees to buy goods and services from suppliers worldwide. With MS market Microsoft employees have the authority, when buying goods, to set spending limits. According to Don Jones, "Our online tools are so advanced that we pushed the buying function out into the business units." Microsoft gives its employees in each business units the power to find suppliers that are low cost. According to Don Jones, " Orders don't flow through procurement, nor do we select all suppliers for the business. What we do in procurement is guide employees to do the right thing."


Microsoft has 7 separate business units inside the company. The seven units are Client, Server Platforms, Information Worker, Business Solutions, MSN, CE/Mobility, and Homes. Usually on average these seven units spend about $10.5 billion annually.


Global Purchasing


The things that Don Jones and the purchasing department are doing now to decrease costs are pretty big. The first step that purchasing is working on is increasing the worldwide purchasing staff that Microsoft has by 50% in 18 months. This includes hiring experienced purchasers like when Microsoft hired Ken Litton. Ken Litton was the former vice president of sourcing at Rockwell International. Microsoft also has hired Winston Smith; Smith was the supplier diversity director for AT&T. Both of these guys have a lot of experience in the purchasing and supply chain field.


The second step that Microsoft has taken is to strengthen the reporting systems of purchasing in different countries. For example some buying groups that are in Asia report directly to the head of purchasing Don Jones. It is like this in all countries that Microsoft has buyers in.


Microsoft has been working on a few things to cut even more costs and to help out its purchasing department. The first is enhancing MS Market and starting up a new program called MS Spend. MS Spend is a program that will capture spending activity by United Nations Standard Products and Services Code of each business. The second thing Microsoft is doing is introducing MS Vendor Program. MS Vendor Program is a supplier management tool; it helps bring together a wider base of the companies suppliers.


Suppliers


A big part of what Microsoft has to buy is print and packaging for its products. Currently Microsoft is buying print and packaging for its X box, Windows, Office, the mobility group and the Great Plains division. On print and packaging alone for these divisions Microsoft spends $5 million annually. Microsoft was able to cut $0 million in costs by just finding the right suppliers. Microsoft had 15 suppliers for print and packaging and it was able to cut this down to about half. There have been a few other things that have been used to cut costs by reducing the amount of suppliers. By bringing together the purchasing of blank compact discs Microsoft reduced costs by $1 million dollars. One individual business unit was paying $1.0 per compact disk while a different business unit was only paying $0.0. When Don Jones came in and brought the purchasing units together and consolidated most of the practices Microsoft really started to cut costs.


Purchasing Council


A major change that Don Jones made when he came to Microsoft was to set up a purchasing council. The purchasing council consists of key decision makers and budget watchers in each of the seven business units. The council comes together about once a month to discuss the purchasing strategies that each business unit is using. The council also discusses business goals and then it also talks about how to align the purchasing strategies with the business goals. The council also goes over new purchasing strategies and supplier scorecards, which purchasing uses to rate suppliers.


MS Market


MS Market is a very useful tool that really helps out the purchasing department at Microsoft. MS Market is Microsoft's computer system that places orders electronically with suppliers. MS Market gives Microsoft an easy way to add new suppliers to the database. A supplier only needs to fill out a questionnaire and they will be in the system. The best part about MS Market is that as soon as an employee types what it needs into the system, the system matches the purchase to the best supplier for the job. MS Market is used mainly for indirect goods and services. MS Market is used to purchase $6.8 billion worth of products or raw materials annually.


Microsoft also has a Microsoft Vendor Program or MSVP. MSVP provides standard contracts for Microsoft to do business with its suppliers. Microsoft uses $5. billion of the companies spending to buy supplies from suppliers in the MSVP system.


Supplier Scorecards


Another key to cutting costs for Microsoft is how it rates its suppliers. Microsoft does not want to waste its money on bad suppliers so it keeps very tenuous records. When a supplier becomes unfavorable in the system he is then dropped. Just up until a little while ago procurement was not the ones who measured supplier performance. When Jones came to Microsoft he made it a priority that purchasing rated the suppliers since it was the department that worked with them. The purchasing department came out with scorecards to rate the suppliers. Microsoft spends about $10 million annually to measure the suppliers. The measurements on the scorecards are quality, value, service, innovation, delivery, organization health and supply chain management. According to Don Jones, We're connecting everyone in the company with the best suppliers through tools and practices and then measuring performance of those suppliers. We are going to expose that rating to everyone at Microsoft who may want to use that supplier in the future."


The scorecards not only have helped out Microsoft with picking the right suppliers but it also helps out the suppliers. The suppliers now know what they have to concentrate on and do well on. Before the suppliers were not really sure what Microsoft was judging them on. The suppliers didn't know if they were being chosen for what they did or if people just picked them because they were biased towards them.


Analysis


Microsoft Market


Microsoft is such a big company that it needs to have an electronic or computerized system to order its goods. Most companies can't have a system like this because it costs too much money. The system that Microsoft has, Microsoft Market, is like an ERP system. An ERP system lets companies control and manage inventory. Some ERP systems can also give supplier selection assistance, supplier performance measurement and control. These are a few things that Microsoft Market has that are in ERP systems. The implementation of Microsoft Market has already been done so the implementation cost has already gone through. According to Purchasing and Supply Chain Management," Although ERP systems hold out the promise of improved integration, some companies is finding the implementation process to be expensive, and in some cases ineffective." This has not come into play for Microsoft yet the system seems to be doing exactly what Microsoft thought it would. It is helping them pick better suppliers, and it is making it easier to purchase everyday products. The fact is Microsoft is a very big company so it needs the computerized system. Supplies come in and out of Microsoft everyday and a computerized system cuts down on a lot of paper work. Another reason that Microsoft Market is a great idea for Microsoft is the fact that not only can it work with individuals who are internal to Microsoft but suppliers that are external use it as well. According to Supply Chain Management and Purchasing, "As supply chain members increasingly work together, integration must occur between different functions that are internal to the organization as well as between parties that are external to the organization." A good way to do this is through Microsoft market not only can Microsoft have internal accountants, purchasing, manufacturing, engineering, marketing and logistics involved but it can also bring together suppliers, warehouses, and transportation providers as well.


Suppliers


I feel that the first good idea that Don Jones had was to set up the computerized system for purchasing. The best idea that Microsoft had was to cut down on the amount of suppliers it had. Like I stated with material from the article Microsoft had too many suppliers supplying the same items. Microsoft had 10 to 15 suppliers to supply blank compact discs at many different prices. The fact that Microsoft cut the suppliers down to the best and most reasonably priced and used them for the same products time and time again really helped to cut costs. When one supplier has compact discs for $0.0 and another for $1.0 and sometimes part of a department is ordering from the supplier who has the higher priced one the costs will be higher then it should be.


When Microsoft cut the supplier field down it was able to work with certain suppliers. I feel that Microsoft should pursue collaborative relationships with its suppliers. According to Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, "A firm can gain many advantages by pursuing closer relationships with suppliers." A few advantages that the book says is the development of mutual trust. If Microsoft builds trust with its suppliers it can share data with them to see what area it could cut costs even more. Microsoft can work in a joint effort with its suppliers to help cut costs. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management says that another advantage is the opportunity to evaluate which suppliers should receive longer-term contracts. Longer-term contracts could help Microsoft and its suppliers come up with new technological ways to cut even more costs. Having a collaborative relationship will also help with quality problems. According to Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, because suppliers play an important role in an organization's overall success," it is not difficult to see why choosing only the best suppliers supports higher performance." This is the reason Microsoft cut down its suppliers it wanted only the best. Most of the suppliers that are used are relatively large and give Microsoft plenty of options.


Worldwide Sourcing


Microsoft went into worldwide sourcing which I feel is a very good idea. There are a couple of risks that go along with sourcing worldwide and they are political risks and business risks. According to Purchasing and Supply Chain Management the four reasons companies source worldwide are to achieve cost/price benefits, to ensure better quality, to gain access to technology, and to access the only source available. A couple other reasons that the book points out is to introduce competition to the domestic supply base, satisfying counter trade requirements, reacting to the sourcing patterns of competitors, establish a presence in a foreign market, and increased supplier responsiveness. These are all good reasons for Microsoft to source globally. Microsoft already had very good control of the market in the United States so it was a good idea to source globally so that it could get into new markets.


Microsoft I feel has done a very good job with the problem of cutting costs. At the same time it cut costs it tremendously improved its purchasing department. Before Jones came to Microsoft the purchasing department was a mess. Even though Microsoft has improved and has cut some of its suppliers down I feel it is time that it starts to build collaborative relationships. It really helps out the supply chain when a company can get help with certain problems from people that are involved. The key for Microsoft to become even better is to build long-term relationships to help it keep progressing.


Works Cited


Avery, Susan. "Microsoft Takes Steps to World-class procurement" Purchasing.


April , 00.


Monczka, Robert M, Trent Robert J, Handfield Robert B. Purchasing and


Supply Chain Management. P. 1-17, -5, 6-65. 00


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Enlightenment Philosophers DBQ


There were many philosophers throughout the Enlightenment period. Some of these great thinkers shared similar views on related ideas, others differed completely. I personally agreed most with John Locke's philosophies. Locke was born in 16 and died in 1704. His works concerned human nature, how the structure of a society should be set up, and other issues to that effect. Locke's philosophies and books are all applicable to our society today and some of our country's political foundations are based on his notable philosophies.


I agree with his reasoning on why an absolute monarchy is no form of a civil government. I believe that the people who make the decisions for their country are their country and that "the people' should have equal power and all be on the same level socially and politically. Like Locke, I believe that a superior to judge between right and wrong and to punish those who do wrong is absolutely necessary, yet the power should be in the hands of the people and not a monarch. Before the enlightenment, both secular and religious worlds were in a power struggle and became extremely corrupt, proving that "absolute power corrupts absolutely'.


Locke stated ...and have a common established law and judicature to appeal to, with authority to decide controversies between them and punish offenders. I have no doubt that to have structure and a judicial system in a society is essential and without it there would be complete and utter chaos. I also agree with Locke on the subject of why a civil society is better and more productive then living in the state of nature. Locke's state of nature was a state of liberty, and all people were considered equal, but there was no authority to enforce the law which I believe to be greatly problematic. Without laws or government, a state or country is bound to be inextricable and completely disorganized which are not good conditions. With such disagreeable circumstances the people are bound to fight with one another and act cruel causing the overall conditions of the state to worsen even more. Locke philosophized that a civil state should be formed for three significant reasons; an established law was needed, authority to judge right from wrong according to the established law, and a power to back and support the sentence when right and give it due execution. I find these three reasons to be substantive in our society today and without those factors our society would be in a disordered situation where nothing functions correctly and all people are corrupt.


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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Pornography and Sexual Violence, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Pornography and Sexual Violence paper at affordable prices ! My topic is Pornography and Sexual Violence and my research comes from Taking Sides Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Human Sexuality, by Robert T. Francoeur and William J. Taverner. An issue presented in the text asks if pornography is harmful to women � is the use of pornographic material directly linked to physical and sexual abuse to women? (Francoeur & Taverner, 000). Ill provide both sides to the argument and let the debate begin.


Researcher Elizabeth Cramer says yes to the relation between porn and violence. She states the theory of pornography…using pornographic materials actually teaches the user that women are there for the gratification of men, and that women enjoy the sexual liberation that violence brings, (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 0). Cramer offers results from a 188 survey of 45 adult-only, X-rated films, and found that 60% of the video time showed explicit sexual acts, and of these actions, 8% were considered exploitive, with men doing 80% of the dominating/exploiting. A womans rape was shown in over 50% of the films with a male rapist leading the attack 0% of the time. Physical abuse appeared in 7% of the videos, and men were usually portrayed as professionals, while the women were housewives, students, or secretaries. Cramer believes the message these videos send is a distorted characterization of both male and female sexuality that is particularly degrading to woman. (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 0). To that, I say, No S # % T!


Cramer also provides the findings to a 14 Relationship Inventory, assessing the status of relationships including information about pornography use. The survey was given to 87 women who had pressed physical abuse charges against her intimate partner and four questions with a yes/no option were asked (1) Does the man who abuses you EVER use pornographic magazines, films, or videos? () Does the man who abuses you EVER show you or make you look at porn in magazines, films, or videos? () Does the man who abuses you EVER ask you or force you to act out the pornographic scenes he has looked at? (4) Does the man who abuses you EVER ask you or force you to pose for pornographic pictures? The results are scary - forty percent reported pornography use, and of these, 5% had been asked or forced to reenact scenes they had been shown. Thirty-six women had been raped, and of these, 74% stated that their partner used pornography, and 6% were reminded of porn during the attacks (Francoeur & Taverner, 000). In considering the findings, Cramer emphasizes, …pornography was defined by saying, We are talking about when women are held down and hurt, thus making sure that the women were not reporting on simple nudity. Second, the entire sample was women who had been physically or sexually assaulted by their male partner within the previous 1 months (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 07). Bottom line, according to Cramer and her associates, sex coupled with porn can lead to increased violence and trauma for a woman.


Now for the other side. Law Professor Nadine Strossen claims, the perils of pornophobia…is the notion that that sex is inherently degrading to women. (Francoeur & Tavener, 000, p. 00). Her theory, based on thoughts from writers Germaine Greer, Betty Friedan, and Betty Dodson, is …women should not be seen as victims in their sexual relations with men but as equally assertive partners, just as capable of experiencing sexual pleasure…the condemnation of pornography can be carried too far and universal censorship is not the solution to end violence against women (Francoeur & Tavener, 000, p. 0). Strossen suggests that censorship in any form derails feminism, and credits law professor Catherine McKinnon and writer Andrea Dworkin with the idea that …sexist concepts of marriage and family, or pent-up rage - is the preeminent cause of discrimination and violence against women. Their solution is seemingly simple suppress all pornography. (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 0). Strossen disagrees with the pornophobic feminists who believe sex � even consensual and non-violent � is an evil from which women must be protected. In other words, she is asking that we dispute the Victorian idea that woman are sexual victims and that men are ravenous fiends.


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Strossen rallies against pro-censorship feminists and distances herself from the old school family values champions like Jesse Helms and Phyllis Schlafly, saying they are less interested in protecting women than in preserving male dominance, a common hatred of sexual expression and fondness for censorship unite the two camps. (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 10). The pro-censorship feminists base their efforts on the assumption that ridding society of porn would reduce sexism and violence towards women; according to Strossen, the opposite goal will result, and states, This mutually reinforcing relationship does a serious disservice to the fight for womens equality. It lends credibility to and strengthens the right wing and its anti-feminist, anti-choice, homophobic agenda…there are no consistent correlations between the availability of pornography in various communities, states, countries and their rates of sexual offenses. If anything, studies suggest an inverse relationship a greater availability of sexually explicit material seems to correlate not with higher rates of sexual violence, but with higher indices of gender equality. (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 10). Note that Singapore has tight restrictions on pornography yet a higher increase in rapes than does Sweden, a country with relatively liberal obscenity laws (Francoeur & Taverner, 000). Is it simply about exposure � no pun intended?


This is a tough call for me to make � I am a firm believer in the First Amendment providing freedom of speech, and I appreciate the fact that I can listen to, read, write, or pretty much engage in any activity that I choose. In my opinion, pornography is subjective � I couldnt say it any better than former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart when he said, I shall not today attempt further to define obscenity and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it (Francoeur & Taverner, 000, p. 0). Like beauty, pornography is in the eye of the beholder, and these days, is not just contained in plastic behind the counter at your local 7-11. All I need to do is click my remote and I am deluged with images of chicks with little clothing, song lyrics all about f-ing, and the idea that hot is cool and less is more. Porn? Yes. Connected to violence? Sure � just because you look like you want it doesnt mean you do � the old adage that no means no still rings true.


Some questions for debate


Is porn a tool � like any other tangible weapon � for violence during sex?


How does the media � dont get me started � encourage sex and violence?


Is it simply a case of the First Amendment and the notion that porn doesnt hurt � people do?


Please note that this sample paper on Pornography and Sexual Violence is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Pornography and Sexual Violence, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Pornography and Sexual Violence will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Terrorism, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Terrorism paper at affordable prices ! The terrorist attack of September 11, 2001


Where was America on the morning of September 11 prior to 8:44 AM Eastern


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as the planes hit the World Trade Center? The events of our lives that morning will be


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This has been the most devastating attack on the United States ever. They


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during the day. The goals of this campaign was outlined by (Defense Secretary Donald H.


Rumsfeld) Acquiring intelligence that will assist planning for future attacks against Osama


bin Laden's al-Qaida terrorist network and Afghanistan's Taliban rulers. Changing "the


military balance over time" by denying to the Taliban the weapons they now use in fighting


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We can only trust that President Bush will continue to work to eliminate terrorism. Not


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