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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in hi, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your hi paper at affordable prices ! hjhhhLampard claims that during first half of 1th century Victorian Britain became worlds first urbanized society by 1851, urban dwellers overtook rural dwellers for first time.(4)


If the distinctive acheivement of Britain in the latter part of the eighteenth century was to inagurate the Industrial Revolution, her no less remarkable feat in the first half of the nineteenth century was to accomplish the first urban transformation (4)


Notes that to urbanize in this period meant not what we think of in terms of demographic change, but rather had more the sense of to make urbane To civilize, to bring out of barbarism, to enlighten, to remove the rural character of a place or population (5)


However, by the last quarter of the century, growth in concentration of population in manufacturing towns did not imply concomitant loss of rural character in the cities, many quarters seen still to be uncivilized.


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The growth in city populations due to the internal migration from country side to town reached its peak betwen 1841 and 1851; after that, the growth of the inner cities resulted in population shifts outward from the center into newly forming suburbs, so that by 101, the number of rural residents starts to rebound.


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From Raphael Samuel, Comers and Goers


In The Victorian City, (Dyos and Wolff, eds. London and Boston Routledge and Kegan Paul, 17, 1-160)


In addition to this internal migration, there was also what Samuel calls the migrating classes who caused seasonal fluctuations in demographic profiles of 1th century London. These were composed of sailors of all nationalities, migratory workers from the Isles looking for seasonal labor, and the wandering tribes of gypsies or traveling show people who often camped out on the outskirts of town, peddling wares at civic festivities. (1-4)


Such temporary denizens congregated in railroad stations, marketplaces, brickyards, and under the shelter of railroad bridges and viaducts. These so-called traveling fraternities became associated with certain sections of town St. Giles (mentioned in Tom and Jerry, Tothill Fields, Westminster, the Mint, Southwark, Mill Lane, Deptford, Arpley Road, Campbell Road in Islington, the Dust Hole in Woolwich (southeast), Notting Dale (north and west) (16).


In the wintertime the city was a warmer place to camp than the surrounding countryside; hence the popularity of brickfields and their kilns, wholesale markets with their all-night coffee shops and odd-job opportunities--even the water closets at Covent Garden would house an occasional non-paying overnight guest. (18)


In addition, a number of Dry Arch hotels sprung up under such structures as railroad trestles, viaducts, and river bridges, which served as the home of the Scamps in Moncrieffs Scamps of London. (18)


According to Samuel, these wanderers did not roam by whim, but were part of the social fabric of the city, moving in rather regular circuits dictated by weather and work. The wandering tribes were often the object of hostile legislation, whether to bring their lodging-houses under inspection and control or to bar them from using city wastes, or to harass them from pursuing their callings about the city streets. . . the camping sites of those who lived in moveable dwelling fell one by one to the enterprise of the speculative builder, or the railinged enclosure of the public parks. (15)


But Samuel attributes the decline of vagrancy to deeper economic changes growth of more regular employment; mechanization of harvest work; replacement of seasonal farm workers with permanent servants; the rise of the fixed holiday resort in place of the perambulating round of wakes and feasts and fairs; the absorption into shops of trades that had been handled by itinerant dealers. Towards the end of the century the towns began more thoroughly to absorb their extra population, and to wall them in all the year round. (15)


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From H.J. Dyos, The Victorian City in Historical Perspective


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