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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Love Poetry, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Love Poetry paper at affordable prices ! Love Poetry of John Donne

Donne's fidelity to emotion as he finds it is understated, and his love poetry expresses attitudes ranging from despair to rage to infatuation, making it impossible to isolate his ecstasy, sensuality and cynicism. However, it is possible to identify elements within his poems which are fairly consistent. His attitudes towards the Petrarchan love tradition and Plato's works/philosophies are fair examples of consistent elements.

Donne�Antithesis to Petrarchan Love Tradition

The Dreame Challenging the Petrarchan ideal since the mistress here is no mere donna angelicata; in her intuition of the speaker's mind, she's more than an angel with implicitly divine knowledge. Donne also does not place her on a pedestal as well

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As lightning, or a Tapers light,

Thine eyes, and not thy noise wakd mee;

Yet I thought thee (For thou lovest truth) an Angell, at first sight,

But when I saw thou sawest my heart,

And knewst my thoughts, beyond an Angels art,

When thou knewst what I dreamt, when thou knewst when

Excesse of joy would wake me, and camst then,

I doe confesse, it could not chuse but bee

Prophane, to thinke thee any thing but thee.

Typically, Donne also goes on to argue for identification of purity and spirutality with physical consumation, saying that love is "not all spirit, pure and brave', except when it is realized in flesh.

The Cannonization

Donne mocks the cliches of the Petrarchan sonneteers in the following lines

Alas, alas, whos injured by my love?

What merchants ships have my sighs drowned?

Who says my tears have overflowed his ground?

When did my colds a forward spring remove?

When did the heats which my veins fill

Add one man to the plaguy bill?

Emotions of Petrarchan sonneteers were often described using melancholy tears and sighs, seasonal imagery and contrasts between heat and cold, all of which were twisted by Donne to attack the very sonneteers they originated from.

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If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on In Memory of Radio. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality In Memory of Radio paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in In Memory of Radio, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your In Memory of Radio paper at affordable prices ! In Memory of Radio

Amiri Baraka, also known as Imanu Amiri Baraka, was born in Newark, New Jersey on October 7, 14 under the name of Everett LeRoi Jones. He is a respected playwright, poet, novelist, and essayist who is best known for his exploration and examination of African American experiences and his affirmation of black life." He graduated from Howard University and then published his first work, a collection of poetry, Preface to a Twenty-Volume Suicide Note, in 161. His plays include "Dutchman" (164), which won critical acclaim during its off-Broadway performances. Two other plays, "The Slave" and "The Toilet", were produced later that same year.

Baraka also founded The Black Arts Repertory Theatre in Harlem in 165. In 168 he founded an organization known as the Black Community Development and Defense Organization, a Muslim group, he focusing on affirming black culture and aiding African-Americans in gaining political power.

Amiri Baraka is well known in the poetic world as an African American enthusiast. He has written many poems expressing his experiences as a child and an adult. The poem " In Memory of Radio" is considered one of his greatest. It has an interesting theme, a unique tone, and several poetic devices.

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The theme of In Memory of Radio is quite unusual. Baraka contrasts an imaginative world of childhood radio with an adult world, which inverts the word love to become an evol word. Within this adult world, the inhabitants are unable to understand the abstract concepts of love and make-believe. Baraka perceives his imagination through poetry and is therefore able to understand the abstract concept of love.

This poem seems to have a bittersweet tone. He writes as if he is in a dream and he cannot decide whether he can grasp love or if it is just an illusion. One line in the poem describes love as evil, a great example of a bittersweet comparison. As the reader continues to interpret this work it is very obvious that Baraka is trying to influence the real meaning of love.

There are many poetic devices in the "In Memory of Radio". It is a lyric and epic type of poem. Baraka writes many poems that continue on in several books. The Lyric type is expressing the feelings of the writer on the issues of love. There is no rhyme structure in the work; it's as if Baraka is just rambling about the true emotions that come into his mind. The entire theme of the poem is an oxymoron; again, a good example is the line stating that love is evil. There are some similes installed, especially were the author is comparing F.J. Sheen (an evangelist) to himself, and also, comparing himself to Adolf Hitler and Goody Knight. Personification is present in the line were Baraka is explaining that the shadows know all, giving a shadow a thought process. The poem ends through the irony of An evil word it is/ This Love, leaving readers with the sense that the true evil lurks in the hearts of men who have lost touch with the world of imagination.

Amiri Baraka uses his unique theme, his bittersweet tone, and several poetic devices to create his true style in the poem "In Memory of Radio". This poem is the expression of a man who is discouraged by love, but understands the concept of it. He seems to have many encounters with what life throws at him and most definitely in his world of imaginable love.

Please note that this sample paper on In Memory of Radio is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on In Memory of Radio, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on In Memory of Radio will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Aztec Culture. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Aztec Culture paper right on time.

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Emperor

The leader was the Emperor. He rarely appeared in public. He was treated like a god. When he died, a new one was chosen by a small group of nobles and priests based upon his bravery and experience in war.

Advisers

The Emperor's chief advisor was a man called Cihuacoatl or "snake women". He dealt with the every day occurrences in the city. Below him were the four generals that commanded the four sections of Tenochtitlan.

Buy cheap Aztec Culture term paper

Nobles

The nobles or the Tlatoani controlled the provinces. The smaller nobles were the Tecuhtis. Nobles were very rich.

People

The maculating or common people were divided into family groups called calpulli. Each calpulli was given a small amount of land.

Slaves

The lowest people were the slaves. Some were prisoners of war. Any Aztec who had large debts or was caught stealing could be sold as a slave. Some people sold themselves to get food and shelter.

Emperor

The leader was the Emperor. He rarely appeared in public. He was treated like a god. When he died,, a new one was chosen by a small group of nobles and priests. bBased upon hisis bravery and experience in war.

Advisers

The Eemperor's chief advisor was a man called Cihuacoatl or "snake women". He dealt with the every day occurrences in the city. Below him wereas the four generals that commanded the four sections of Tenochtitlan.

Nobles

The nobles or the Ttlatoani controlled the provinces. The smaller nobles were the Ttecuhtis. Nobles were very rich.

People

The maculating or common people were divided into family groups called calpulli. Each calpulli was given a small amount of land.

Slaves

The lowest people were the slaves. Some were prisoners of war. Any Aztec who had large debts or was caought stealing could be sold as a slave. Some people sold them themselves to get food and shelter.

Emperor

The leader was the Emperor. He rarely appeared in public. He was treated like a god. When he died,, a new one was chosen by a small group of nobles and priests. bBased upon hisis bravery and experience in war.

Advisers

The Eemperor's chief advisor was a man called Cihuacoatl or "snake women". He dealt with the every day occurrences in the city. Below him wereas the four generals that commanded the four sections of Tenochtitlan.

Nobles

The nobles or the Ttlatoani controlled the provinces. The smaller nobles were the Ttecuhtis. Nobles were very rich.

People

The maculating or common people were divided into family groups called calpulli. Each calpulli was given a small amount of land.

Slaves

The lowest people were the slaves. Some were prisoners of war. Any Aztec who had large debts or was caought stealing could be sold as a slave. Some people sold them themselves to get food and shelter.

Emperor

The leader was the Emperor. He rarely appeared in public. He was treated like a god. When he died,, a new one was chosen by a small group of nobles and priests. bBased upon hisis bravery and experience in war.

Advisers

The Eemperor's chief advisor was a man called Cihuacoatl or "snake women". He dealt with the every day occurrences in the city. Below him wereas the four generals that commanded the four sections of Tenochtitlan.

Nobles

The nobles or the Ttlatoani controlled the provinces. The smaller nobles were the Ttecuhtis. Nobles were very rich.

People

The maculating or common people were divided into family groups called calpulli. Each calpulli was given a small amount of land.

Slaves

The lowest people were the slaves. Some were prisoners of war. Any Aztec who had large debts or was caought stealing could be sold as a slave. Some people sold them themselves to get food and shelter.

Emperor

The leader was the Emperor. He rarely appeared in public. He was treated like a god. When he died,, a new one was chosen by a small group of nobles and priests. bBased upon hisis bravery and experience in war.

Advisers

The Eemperor's chief advisor was a man called Cihuacoatl or "snake women". He dealt with the every day occurrences in the city. Below him wereas the four generals that commanded the four sections of Tenochtitlan.

Nobles

The nobles or the Ttlatoani controlled the provinces. The smaller nobles were the Ttecuhtis. Nobles were very rich.

People

The maculating or common people were divided into family groups called calpulli. Each calpulli was given a small amount of land.

Slaves

The lowest people were the slaves. Some were prisoners of war. Any Aztec who had large debts or was caought stealing could be sold as a slave. Some people sold them themselves to get food and shelter.

Emperor

The leader was the Emperor. He rarely appeared in public. He was treated like a god. When he died,, a new one was chosen by a small group of nobles and priests. bBased upon hisis bravery and experience in war.

Advisers

The Eemperor's chief advisor was a man called Cihuacoatl or "snake women". He dealt with the every day occurrences in the city. Below him wereas the four generals that commanded the four sections of Tenochtitlan.

Nobles

The nobles or the Ttlatoani controlled the provinces. The smaller nobles were the Ttecuhtis. Nobles were very rich.

People

The maculating or common people were divided into family groups called calpulli. Each calpulli was given a small amount of land.

Slaves

The lowest people were the slaves. Some were prisoners of war. Any Aztec who had large debts or was caought stealing could be sold as a slave. Some people sold them themselves to get food and shelter.

Please note that this sample paper on Aztec Culture is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Aztec Culture, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Aztec Culture will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Hello world. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Hello world paper right on time.

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Status of Implementation

• The implementation of the AI checker player is complete

• My player wins against the Naive_AI when played as both white and black

• It is yet unable to beat the Strong_AI

• The AI has a problem of sometimes falling into a loop of moves, where it keeps doing the same moves again and again. I tried to resolve the problem however wasn't successful. It does the looping only with the Naïve_AI because the Naïve_AI also falls into a loop.

Description of the Board Evaluation Function used

For designing the board evaluation function I have taken ideas from the following sites

• http//ai-depot.com/LogicGames/AlphaBeta-Cutoff.html

• CHECKERS By Roee Gutman and Tamir Rosenblum

The evaluation function has been basically designed as a weighted sum of properties such as

• Piece Advantage - difference in the number of pieces

• King Advantage - difference in the number of Kings

• Position Advantage - weighted sum of the board positions occupied

• Move Advantage - total number of possible moves

• Back Row - guard back row till possible

• Men to King - encourage men to become kings

• No of Captures - no of opposite player piece we can captured

• Pieces Captured - number of our pieces that can be captured

the evaluation function uses two sets of weights, the first set is used during the initial phase of the games when number of total pieces is greater then 1 and the next set of weights are used when we have 1 or less pieces on the board. This is done to indicate change in priorities.

Evaluation of the AI player

• The AI falls intermediate between Naïve_AI and Strong_AI

• I feel if we can manage a right mix of weights my AI player can beat the strong _AI

• There scope to implement learning, by making the AI learn the weights instead of us hard coding the weights.

Please note that this sample paper on Hello world is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hello world, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Hello world will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World paper at affordable prices with custom essay service! Thomas Alva Edison was a notable inventor of his time and greatly affected the social, economical, and political world of the early 100's. His impact was clearly seen through the rapid integration of the inventions that he promoted. Aside from the controversy about his methods of obtaining and promoting inventions, Edison was an impressive figure, and his advocacy of new technologies improved life in many ways. Widespread use of inventions such as the phonograph and the vitascope drastically changed social life for Americans, giving restless Americans new forms of entertainment. Edison's discoveries, inventions, and promotions also helped to establish new businesses, and formulated the recording and movie industry. Also, Edison's production and encouragement of the widespread use of the light bulb made it possible for businesses to run efficiently even after hours without resorting to gas lamps. Edison was also a big name among law firms and legal affairs. His had a notorious reputation for suing competitors, accusing them of patent infringement. The U.S. Patent Office and the court had much trouble sorting out the legal dilemmas of this over-zealous inventor. Edison and his fellow inventors discovered new uses for electricity and mechanics, and their discoveries paved the way for further scientific and technological advancement. In addition, Edison's experiments lead to unexpected scientific discoveries, such as the "Edison Effect', which was later used to develop the radio. Edison influenced the lifestyles of his contemporaries in many aspects, and the results of his inventions, discoveries, and promotions continue to have an impact on life even after his death.

Edison's contributions to the social world were notable and dramatic. His phonograph was the first machine to be able to record and mimic sounds. Edison achieved immediate fame when he first released the phonograph in 1878. Unfortunately for Edison, this phonograph had little commercial value because of its crude imitations and low quality. Edison's popularity declined continually until the release of his improved phonograph in 1888 (Wachhorst, 40, 45). This improved phonograph was marketable and had many uses. Edison suggested using the phonograph for purposes including letter writing and dictation, audio books for the blind, music reproduction, music boxes and toys, clocks that announce the time, educational uses and recording the communications on the telephone (Fiscarelli, ). From then on, many people implemented the phonograph for personal uses as suggested by Edison. Edison also took advantage of the commercial and business possibilities of the phonograph and proceeded to distribute pre-recorded music and other sounds for the phonograph as well as recordable media for the phonograph. He even marketed "talking dolls' with tiny phonographs inside for kids to play with. The phonograph was highly popular, and its creation marked the advent of the recording and music industry. With the continual modifications and improvements made to the phonograph, the public implemented recorded sound into their lives more readily. The phonograph quickly integrated into the daily routines of the typical American, and its effect on society is immeasurable. Another important invention that shaped society was the kinetoscope. This machine would allow one person to be able to view motion pictures through a "peephole'. Most people regarded this machine as just a novelty, but it was the predecessor to projecting motion pictures machines, which allowed a wide audience to view movies. Edison was able to buy out the rights to one such machine, and renaming it the Edison Vitascope, began to advertise and mass market the machine as his own (Rutgers, -1). This way, Edison was able to promote new technologies and give the public a new pasttime. Soon, many companies began to produce projectors and movies, and within a few years, the infant industry expanded with the public's approval and interest. Edison's involvement in the phonograph, kinetoscope, and vitagraph greatly affected society at the time and lead to future developments in the entertainment industry.

Edison's involvement in the inventions mentioned above naturally affected the world economically as well. His inventions allowed him to not only market his machines and their accessories, but also made it possible for others to benefit from them. His phonograph was used in businesses, serving as recording devices for various purposes. It also had the potential for giving musicians a way to distribute samples of their work. The motion pictures and recording industry opened many economical opportunities for others. Edison's promotions and improvements on the light bulb and the electric generator also contributed to businesses and the economy. Businesses could turn to the electric light to provide lighting, allowing work to be done even at night without turning to the obsolete gas lamps (Conot, 16-164). Also, the generator made it possible for the average consumer to get electrical benefits at home, opening up a new potential new market for household appliances. Edison's 1500 DC generators were the first step in providing electrical power to citizens. Although later replaced by the more efficient AC power, Edison's preliminary work was a notable step in changing the economy and how businesses and homes operate. Edison and his work in electricity was the onset of a major technological revolution, and was the first big step towards modernization.

By becoming involved in the invention, development, and promotion of inventions, Edison often placed himself in many tense legal situations. Often times, he sued rivals for patent infringement when he couldn't outperform them in sales. This was most notable in the many cases concerning motion pictures and projectors (Rutgers, 4-). His actions had palpable effects politically and legally. Not only were his rivals disrupted by this, but it made the Patent Office aware of the intense rivalry between inventors, and forced them to consider which methods are best for preserving democracy, upholding the principle of laissez faire, while still preventing a monopoly. Edison, by being overzealous in trying to use the law to his advantage, gave the country's government institutes a preview of the intense competition in this field which would only continue to ascend in the future. This gave lawmakers a chance to prepare for such situations and allow them to define clearly its policies on such issues. In many ways, Edison, by constantly implementing and testing the law for his own benefits, helped to improve the law by forcing lawmakers to change the law to suit the rivalries of inventors and companies.

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Although Edison preferred using experiments and guess-and-check methods instead of using scientific knowledge and procedures, he still had some impact on the scientific world. The most prominent scientific discovery was a phenomenon that he noticed while experimenting with the light bulb. He called it the "Edison Effect', but due to a lack to scientific understanding, he quickly lost interest in the subject. Later, this was used in the development of the radio. Besides this contribution, Edison's inventions, although arrived at fortuitously and through endless experimenting, promoted scientific reasoning. Since he didn't know how to explain how the invention works scientifically, he inadvertently promoted theoretical scientists to ask and hypothesize "why does it work?' and "how could it be made better and more efficient?' One such scientist, Nikola Tesla, was able to study Edison's DC dynamo and improve its efficiency greatly. Later Tesla went on to make an AC dynamo, completely surpassing Edison's method in terms of efficiency and power output (Foran, ). Edison's lack of interest towards the scientific method nevertheless promoted science and its applications in technology in ways that he could never fully comprehend.

Edison's life as an inventor had a dramatic impact on the world. Through inventions that he worked on, improved, and promoted, Edison shaped how people lived in many different aspects. Every American, some way or another, experienced something related to Edison. The young people learned to watch movies produced by companies owned by Edison. Music lovers became obsessed with the phonograph and implemented it in their lives. Competitors and rival inventors had to deal with the patent laws and legal trouble that Edison gave them. Entire law firms were on hold, ready to help the best paying inventor conquer all others. Scientific communities discussed nonstop the ideas behind Edison's latest invention. Lastly, the consumers of America saw how Edison was able to expand and create new industries, and allow the world to progress faster than it ever has before.

Caceci, Dr. Thomas. "Note Thomas Edison." Veterinary Histology.

0 April 00 http//education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab/Notes/edison.htm

Conot, Robert. A Streak of Luck. New York Seaview Books, 17.

Fiscarelli, Paul. "The Invention." History of the Phonograph.

18 April 00 http//www.rpi.edu/~fiscap/history_files/phono.htm

Foran, Jack. "The Invention Of The Universal Electrical Power System" University at Buffalo.

17 April 00 http//ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/niagara.htm

Rutgers. "Early Motion Pictures Industry." Thomas Alva Edison Papers.

1 April 00 http//edison.rutgers.edu/mopix/catalogs.htm

Wachhorst, Wyn. Thomas Alva Edison An American Myth. USA Colonial Cooperative Press Inc., 181.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on My opinion (the simple version) in the Case of Bieké and Puerto Rico.After the Navy.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality My opinion (the simple version) in the Case of Bieké and Puerto Rico.After the Navy. paper right on time.

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I don't know if you are aware of the incident that happened in one of the Island of PR (Vieques). The Navy of the USA occupied this island, for 60 years. They have more than the %60 of the island, concentrating the people of Vieques (generations of families) in the center of their island. The Navy (as you should know) uses many deadly chemicals, one of the main is urain, and this chemical has increased the cancer rates in this small island, killing not only humans been, killing animals and plants, and the environment of many creature (as the "Pelicano Pardo" that only reproduced in that island). Well; 4 years ago one of the puertorrican that worked in the Navy (yes, a Pro-marine) was killed by an inert bomb. That incident put us furious because we are benign killed by this empire that doesn't care about us, and is using our land as a big toxic trash can. So' many puertorrican start doing civil disobedience (my self include). We entered to the territory of the Navy and stay there, this pacifist protest stop the bombings, but this is illegal so many of my partners got arrested, I wasn't one of them. Well after more than 50 years of protesting, this past May 1 the Navy left Vieques. My brother went there and he said was in that precious moment, in one of the winning of a fight that we (Puertorricans) win against the USA. The only one, but this give us hope, and we are going to keep fighting. The only problem was that on the morning of the May 1, many of the "suppose" members of the movement, acted like an anarchy and make all the pacific people look like a bunch of barbarians. Obviously in the Word (communications, our worst enemy) that is what is going to show, a bunch of "Barbarians in anarchy", not the other things and beautiful that happened there, as my brother is telling me that really happened. But anyways at least my people have what is theirs, their lands.

As you can see I don't want to be part of an empire, living under a dictator, that only look for the good of his oligarchy, with out thinking of the people, his people. I know that you don't see it that way because, you are in an all ready state, and you matter. But my people and my country have been abuse by your country for more than 100 years, and they don't want us, they only want our location, and they manipulate our people (ignorant ones) with incentive keeping their mouth close (in my opinion the money and the power is the destruction of the humans). Creating a mass of lazy that don't stand for their right, and our right is one of the most important thing that a human been have. Now we are waking up, from a nightmare that was following us for many years, and we are fighting for our freedom.

Viva Puerto Rico Libre!!!!

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Peace

-Bk

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1. Describe clearly the accounting changes Harnischfeger made in 184 as stated in Note of its financial statements.

- Per 1 november 18 worden door Harnischfeger gekochte en doorverkochte producten van Kobe Steel Ltd. opgenomen in het saldo van de verkopen. Daarvoor werd alleen de bruto marge van deze producten opgenomen in de financi�le verslaggeving.

- Per 1 november 18 worden de cijfers van enkele buitenlandse dochtermaatschappijen geconsolideerd op basis van een fiscaal jaar dat loopt tot 0 september in plaats van 1 juli. Hierdoor stegen de verkopen met $ 5.4 miljoen.

- De afschrijvingsmethode werd met terugwerkende kracht gewijzigd in een systeem van lineaire afschrijving. Ook werd er een levensduurherziening doorgevoerd. De verwachtte restwaarden werden ook aangepast.

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. What is the effect of the depreciation accounting method change on the reported income in 184? How will this change affect profits in future years?

184 het effect van de wijziging in afschrijvingsmethode op het netto inkomen is een stijging van ruim $ 11 miljoen in 184.

Toekomst omdat er nu lineair (dus gelijke bedragen uitgesmeerd over de afschrijvingsperiode) wordt afgeschreven over een langere periode en met een hogere restwaarde, zullen deze wijziging in het afschrijvingsbeleid een direct effect hebben op de winsten in de komende jaren. Het af te schrijven totaalbedrag wordt lager door de hogere restwaarde en het jaarlijks af te schrijven bedrag daalt door de levensduurherziening en lineaire methode, dit zal resulteren in hogere winsten.

. What is the effect of the depreciation lives change? How will this change affect future reported profits?

184 De wijziging in levensduur en restwaarde veroorzaakte een stijging van $ . miljoen dollar van het netto inkomen.

Toekomst omdat er nu lineair wordt afgeschreven over een langere periode en met een hogere restwaarde, zullen deze wijziging in het afschrijvingsbeleid een direct effect hebben op de winsten in de komende jaren. Het af te schrijven totaalbedrag wordt lager door de hogere restwaarde en het jaarlijks af te schrijven bedrag daalt door de levensduurherziening en lineaire methode, dit zal resulteren in hogere winsten.

4. The depreciation accounting changes assume that Harnischfeger's plant and machinery will last longer and will lose their value more slowly. Given the business conditions Harnischfeger was facing in its primary industries in 184, are these economic assumptions justified?

Door het aangaan van een langlopend contract met Kobe Steel Ltd. heeft Harnischfeger de mogelijkheid gekregen om haar productie van constructie kranen uit te besteden en zelf de productie stop te zetten. Dit heeft tot gevolg dat de eigen machines minder/niet gebruikt worden en hierdoor zal de waarde van de machines langzamer verminderen, de machines hebben immers een langere levensduur.

Als machines niet of nauwelijks gebruikt worden kun je je echter afvragen of ze überhaupt nog wel waarde hebben voor de onderneming.

5. In Note 7, Harnischfeger describes the effect of LIFO inventory liquidation on its reported profits in 184. Describe what is meant by LIFO liquidation, and how liquidation affects a company's income statement and balance sheet.

Het liquideren van LIFO voorraden betekend het verkopen van deze voorraden tegen een lagere prijs ten opzichte van de kostprijs/prijs van verwerving. Het betreft hier voorraden uit 18, 18, 184 die door het terug brengen van voorraden verkocht moesten worden.

Het resultaat van deze liquidatie van de (LIFO) voorraden is een stijging van $ .4 miljoen van het netto inkomen.

6. Note 8 states Harnischfeger's allowance for doubtful accounts. Compute the ratio of the allowance to gross receivables (receivables before the allowance) in 18 and 184. What would the allowance have been if the company maintained the ratio at the 18 level? How much did the pre-tax income increase as a result of the changed ratio in 184?

Het % voor de toeslag voor dubieuze debiteuren bedroeg in

18 =

184 =

Als men in 184 hetzelfde opslag % zou gebruiken zou de "allowance' 10,04% van $87.648 miljoen zijn, oftewel $8.8 miljoen. Dit zou betekenen dat het pre tax inkomen zou dalen met ($8.8 -/- $5.) $. miljoen.

7. Note states that Harnischfeger decreased its R&D expense in 184 relative to the previous two years. Do you think this change was motivated by business considerations or accounting considerations? How did this change affect the company's reported profits in 184?

Sinds 18 dalen de R&D uitgaven sterk, van $14.1 miljoen in 18 naar $5.1 miljoen in 184. Een en ander heeft natuurlijk te maken met kostenreductie, maar ook de samenwerking met Kobe Steel Ltd., waaraan een groot deel van de productie wordt uitbesteed, draagt hiertoe bij. Er is zelf minder R&D nodig en in een contract wat er onderling is afgesloten staat dat Harnischfeger gespreid over jaar $17 miljoen zal uitgeven aan R&D, als dit daadwerkelijk gebeurt, dan zal Kobe Steel Ltd. deze R&D kosten vergoeden.

Voor de winst in 184 heeft dit tot gevolg gehad dat door de dalende R&D kosten er een hogere winst was ten opzichte van 18. (uitgaven $5.1 miljoen ipv $1.1 miljoen)

8. Note 11 describes a number of changes in Harnischfeger's pension plans in 184. Describe these changes as clearly as you can. What are the economic consequences of these changes to Harnischfeger and its workers?

- Herstructurering pensioenfonds, het oude pensioenplan wordt stopgezet en een nieuwe opgezet. Dit gebeurt omdat het fonds groter is dan noodzakelijk. De overtollige gelden vallen ten gunste van het inkomen vrij.

- De "rate of return' is bijgesteld naar % in 184. Was resp. 8% / 7.5% in 18 en 18. Hierdoor dalen de uitgaven voor pensioenen.

. How did the pension plan changes affect Harnischfeger's financial statements in 184? Are these changes likely to affect future profits?

Het herstructureren van de pensioenen structuur zorgde ervoor dat $. miljoen verdiend werd omdat het fonds veel meer dan noodzakelijk vol zat met geld. Dit bedrag valt verspreidt over 10 jaar vrij aan het inkomen beginnend in 184.

De wijziging in de "rate of return' (zie vraag ) zorgt samen met de herstructurering voor een daling van uitgaven van $4 miljoen in 184.

10. Summarize all the accounting changes Harnischfeger made in 184, and their effects on pre-tax profits and cash flows in 184.

- Door Harnischfeger gekochte en doorverkochte producten van Kobe Steel Ltd. opgenomen in het saldo van de verkopen. Daarvoor werd alleen de bruto marge van deze producten opgenomen in de financi�le verslaggeving. (zie 1.)

- Cijfers van enkele buitenlandse dochtermaatschappijen geconsolideerd op basis van een fiscaal jaar dat loopt tot 0 september in plaats van 1 juli. Hierdoor stegen de verkopen met $ 5.4 miljoen. (zie 1.)

- De afschrijvingsmethode werd met terugwerkende kracht gewijzigd in een systeem van lineaire afschrijving. Ook werd er een levensduurherziening doorgevoerd. De verwachtte restwaarden werden ook aangepast. (zie 1.-4.)

- Het % voor de toeslag voor dubieuze debiteuren werd gewijzigd, hierdoor daalde de uitgaven voor dubieuze debiteuren. (zie 6.)

- Herstructurering pensioenfonds (het fonds is groter dan noodzakelijk). De overtollige gelden vallen ten gunste van het inkomen vrij. De "rate of return' is bijgesteld naar % in 184. Hierdoor dalen de uitgaven voor pensioenen. (zie 8.-.)

11. Accounting statements are used by investors, lenders, customers, employees, and governments in dealing with Harnischfeger. Among these groups, who is most likely to "see through" the above accounting changes, and who is least likely to do so?

Most likely investors, investeerders hebben de kennis/know-how en ervaring om een bedrijf door te lichten op het gebied van hun cijfers. Zij zullen het eerder in de gaten hebben als een bedrijf met haar cijfers "speelt'.

Least likely customers, klanten zullen de expertise/tijd/middelen niet hebben om bedrijven grondig te analyseren. Zij zullen grotendeels afhankelijk zijn van adviezen/pers berichten etc. Er zit dus een vertraging in van analist naar klant.

1. Are the accounting changes likely to help or to hinder Harnischfeger's ability to implement its business plan? Be as specific as possible.

Harnischfeger is van plan om verder te groeien en om de winstgevendheid van het bedrijf vast te houden (p-), ook zal zij blijven concurreren op haar markt. De cijfers die zij in 184 laat zien zijn positief, en ook de vooruitzichten (verbetering markten, grote opdrachten uit Turkije en andere markten) zijn hoopvol. Door de wijzigingen in het beleid omtrent de verslaggeving zal het bedrijf de komende jaren extra winst halen uit de vrijvallende pensioenen (overtollig), en de dalende uitgaven (afschrijvingen, R&D, pensioenen).

1. Overall, what is your assessment of Harnischfeger's future as of 184?

Harnischfeger is met haar nieuwe strategie (nieuw management, kostenreductie, herori�ntatie van de business, herstructurering financi�n) een goede weg ingeslagen. In 18 was er nog verlies, maar in 184 is er door een aantal wijzigingen in de kostenstructuur en het beleid met betrekking tot de verslaggeving een ruime winst. Vooral de herstructurering van de pensioenen ($. miljoen over 10 jaar), de dalende R&D kosten en de wijziging in de afschrijvingsmethode dragen hiertoe bij.

In april is tevens de financi�le stabiliteit verbeterd met het uitgeven van aandelen, waarvan de opbrengsten gebruikt werden om alle lange termijn schulden af te betalen. Nu is er de mogelijkheid (middelen) om nieuwe kansen om te groeien en diversifi�ren aan te pakken.

Ook de verschillende divisies deden het goed in 184, mining +60%, material handling +10%. Dit alles duidt erop dat Harnischfeger weer op de goede weg is. Toch zou ik afwachtend zijn met zelf investeren in Harnischfeger, omdat ze naar mijn mening teveel gegoocheld hebben met de cijfers om een goed resultaat te laten zien.

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