If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country. paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country. paper at affordable prices with custom essay service! "Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country."

In the long history of the world, many countries have started developing their countries in terms of living conditions, sanitation and education by applying different means like eradication of malnutrition and illiteracy. To achieve the goals, different nations have their own strategies or development approaches. While there are many different models of development, this essay will focus on two notions only one based on Truman's vision-transferring technical skills from developed to undeveloped countries and the other is trade-driven development. Finally, this essay is going to evaluate some positive and negative impacts of development on the economy and society by referring to one South East Asian country, Thailand.

The first model of development that this essay will attempt to discuss id the transference of technical skills approach from first to third world countries. Aimed to the advantages of technology to create benefits to developing countries as industrial countries were successful in previous decades. Truman believes that "… development was essentially a process of transferring technical know-how rather than the transfer of wealth…' (Lo Bianco, 00). This idea of development puts great emphasis on delivering knowledge and practical skills from developed nations to developing nations more than on providing aid. Seemingly, this notion also would assist the have nots to have the basic skills to create better ling standard. At the same time they would be able to stand on their own two feet. For example, if undeveloped nations received modern technology in agriculture, it would help them to survive by boosting local food production. This would have a positive impact on output and provide a surplus to sell or export. However, some people argue that this approach to development is not capable of lifting people out of poverty-stricken living conditions because development is "…far more complex and multiple than linear patterns…'(ibid. 00). This means that Truman's idea was too simplistic as it paid no attention to the specific culture history, or stage of development of each developing country. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible for this concept to demand a one-size-fits-all transference policy as the key to development.

The other essential theory of development is trade as the excellent foundation of development. This means that trade has a special importance for poverty alleviation. The Australian government (Focus, Aug 00) claimed that "…trade and investment offer opportunities for growth and sustained poverty reduction.' For example, between 1-18 in developing countries which opened their economies to trade, the number of the have nots declined completely by fourteen per cent, but where countries did not accept this idea, the percentage of poverty in those countries rose by four per cent (ibid. Aug 00). This shows that trade a great mechanism to lift people in these developing countries out of the grinding poverty. However, the UN report points out that "…Economic growth alone would not end world poverty…' (Elliott, L. 00) because there are many enormous problems like "… malnutrition and illiteracy that are both causes and symptoms of poverty.' (ibid. 00) This report claims that developing countries need more aid than trade and foreign investments because those nations want to build "… the building blocks of development � health, education, clean water and rural roads…' which areable to uphold them to have better living standard which are able to uphold them to have . Therefore, trade could not play all pivotal roles in development of poor world nations.

Help with essay on Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country.

After understanding two models of development, from my perspective, the both styles of thinking are solving the problems in surface approach. Given the fact that undeveloped countries are poor in basic skill areas such as the lacking of human resources and the incapability to use high technology, they could not stand on their own two feet in long term if they do not have sufficient fundamental principles in terms of health care, sanitation and education or aid from foreign nations. These ideas of development are a one size-fits-all approach.

Now this essay is going to examine one example that is the development in Thailand. Which includes some positive and negative effects on their economy and society from the way of Thai development.

Before moving on evaluation task, this essay will provide some history of Thai development models. Thailand is a country that had their own strategies to develop the country, which is based on exportation the agriculture products because this country is an abundant land and suitable for agriculture. For example, from previous decades to now "…Rice and other primary products have been Thailand's main foreign exchange earners for centuries…'. Moreover, over the past three decades, there were some transformations from agriculture becoming industrialization and it was a noticeable increase in the late 180s, especially, "…automobile parts, machinery, electrical components, hide products, basic metal products, preserved and canned food, textiles and clothing, finally, gems and jewelry.' (ibid.1).

Thai development models showed two sides of the one coin such as positive and negative impacts on economy. There were some advantages while economic growth from 170s to in the mid-10s. For instance, as a result, the international trade that Thailand had an agreement on joining, this led to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) rising from 46. per cent in 18 to 84.5 per cent in 1 (ibid.1). Thailand was one country which had one of the highest rate of economic growth in the world in the mid-10s and exports rose by 6.8 per cent in 18. This also influenced to reduction of the amount of poor people in society (the Internet and 4). In contrast, there were some problems at the same time of the economic crisis in July 17 in terms of economy. Thailand also received the massive negative effects on economy that was consequence directly or indirectly in the whole picture of economy. This event created the big muck to stop the moving of the economy and the huge debts in financial system (the Internet ). These are some examples that the development had an impact on economy in both sides.

Further more, The development approach of Thailand also has an effect on social factor, which includes benefit and harm to people. The first salutary point of development that is the volume of fund is going up. The reason is to help the have nots raising good living conditions. For example, the one million bath per Village is an example to assist poor people to have their own business and to create a strong community because every body gets jobs. Moreover, Thailand pays attention on health care system such as the "0-bath-per-visit-universal health care', which is considered to be a good point that the development of Thailand brings to its citizens (the Internet 4). However, even through Thai development has given rise to some positive parts in society, it has created some problems such as the number of human trafficking. Since the economic broke down in 17, the number of human trafficking in Women and Children were increasing because both of them were a lake of economic opportunity and there were a lot of competitions in society, high unemployment and disruption of traditional livelihood . Therefore, when the word "Development' comes, it might bright some problems in society. Finally, neither good nor weak points must to come together in developed society.

In conclusion, this essay has provided and discussed the examples of two attitudes of development, which is development based on transferring technology from one country to another country and trade-driven development. Both of them were two approaches to development that were successful in different countries' background and geography. Additionally, this essay raised Thailand which was a specific reference to evaluate the beneficial and tragic consequences in Thailand's economy and society in terms of world development process.

Please note that this sample paper on Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country., we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Discuss different attitude of development and with specific reference to one country, evaluate the positive-negative effects of its development on economy and society of that country. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from custom essay service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Lucent Technologies case study. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Lucent Technologies case study paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Lucent Technologies case study, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Lucent Technologies case study paper at affordable prices !

Elements that built the credibility of a "brand new company"

• The SEC blackout restrictions though these restrictions were negatively perceived by the company, I think that they helped Lucent building its identity. Indeed, when the company disclosed his message, it was a big surprise for the entire market place. Thus, it must have created a formidable "buzz" and many questions ranging from "what is this company? what are they doing?", for unaware General Public, to "why AT&T has decided to separate his activities in three separate entities?" for investors, up-end consumers and VARs.

• The name and the logo the use of a garish color with lowercase letters in the logo as well as a theme name, were unusual practices among major industrial companies. To ensure a large adherence to the concept, the company carefully submitted the choice of the name to a wide palette of people (4% of which was general public). All these symbols out of the ordinary for a technology company must have captured a large portion of people's attention. In the first place, their motivation to learn more about this company must have distracted them from paying too much attention to the fact that it was a former division of AT&T. They were ready to hear the story Lucent wanted to communicate.

• The advertising campaign among the 1 desired image attributes selected for the new company, only 7% of them belonged to the past. While referring to the former belonging to AT&T and Bell Labs to ensure credibility of the new structure, management wanted to make a clear break with the unique telephony image and emphasized the numerous technological innovations available in the new company. The use of the human voice in both the broadcast and print advertising was determinant in creating the brand "persona" in the people's mind. It was the unique alternative not to have them think of the 15-years old "rock" that was AT&T.

Do my essay on Lucent Technologies case study CHEAP !

• The consistency of the message "question and answer" packages to be used as guidelines were provided to all employees having a potential contact with external constituents in order to ensure the consistency of the message. This was a key issue to enforce the credibility of the new promise. Indeed, after the surprise, investors and customers must have questioned the ability of the company to achieve a new contract with the same employees. Thus, contacts with the company had to prove them that the change occurred.

• The choice of the CEO the fact that the highest representative of the company was coming from a different company and even from a different industry, clearly showed to the market place that Lucent was different from AT&T. A few investors may have noticed that he was a former member of the AT&T board but the majority did not.

• The timeframe by being able to come up with a corporate identity in less than a quarter was also a demonstration that Lucent changed from a slow, not responsive style to a highly flexible responsive one.

However, despite all these efforts to create a new brand promise, the credibility of this statement belongs to the employees' capacity to makes it a reality. It is only through time and consistent quality of its interactions with the marketplace that Lucent will be accepted as a "brand new company".

• Strengths of the process

- The size of the survey involved almost 1,500 people in order to determine the awareness and perceptions of Bell Labs (7% of which were from outside the company).

- The sample involved not only national but also international companies, which is in line with the objective of the company to be a global actor.

- The results were broken-down by audience type which was helpful for the interpretation and the importance to be given to each audience.

- The choice of the most important heritages from the past among the 1 attributes that belonged to Bell Labs, 7% have been kept.

• Weaknesses the internal research and the missing steps

- The agency did not require neither from management nor from the cross-unit team to define the brand vision.

- There was no benchmark or ranking realized with the competitors for each attribute identified and the survey did not ask for the most important values to the customers.

- They did not ask for the reasons motivating their relation with S&T and did not determine their eventual needs.

- The desired attributes have been added by the cross-unit development team without validation by the consumers, the agency firm stressing the importance of getting senior management's approval.

- The validation of the positioning was done without feedback from the marketplace and without determining what would be needed to be changed in the current organization. As mentioned by Scott M Davis in his book, Brand Asset Management, "Critical to a brand contract is that, before the contract is made and its positive promises publicly stated, your organization determines how best to make them a reality".

Before starting the survey, or at least in parallel, the agency should have required a brand vision from senior management.

The agency took time to identify both the nontraditional (Microsoft, Disney) competitors and the traditional ones. They analyzed the points of differentiation required in terms of design. However, Landor should also have included a benchmark between the competitors' brand and T&S's brand to determine the key attributes that make the true differentiation.

Since Management want to add new attributes to the Lucent's brand, it would have been wise to obtain a feedback from customers in order to determine which one were the most relevant.

Finally, the most important omission, which may result in damaging the brand, is the assurance that all promises can be duly implemented and respected.

Transfer of the brand equity has been mainly achieved by adding to the name of the new company the "Bell labs innovations" tag line. The objective underlying this decision was to ensure the image of continuous innovation, quality and reliability that the Bell name owns.

A letter informing all main customers that Bell labs remains the source of innovation for Lucent Technologies could be a solution once the company is launched (SEC restriction passed).

• The symbol before the announcement was made, the Landor agency worked on the logo design, trying to reinforce the theme followed for the name (Energy). It is important to highlight this part because there is a risk that the company be required to drop their logo for offense to a religion. Indeed, the "innovation ring" is actually a religious symbol of Buddhism, called the "enso", recognized by most of the eastern religions (exhibit 1). Association of this religious sign to the millions of products the company expects to sell could be interpreted as an offense. The advertising agency should have done researches on the subject before proposing it to management.

• Announcement though the advertising agency was involved lately in the launching process, in order to comply with the restrictions of the SEC, his work was crucial for the success of the brand. Indeed, the visit of the Advertising Agency to the Bell Labs gave birth to the humanization of the brand, with the "Lucent Guy". Though it was only a voice, it helped creating the uniqueness of the brand, its own identity rather than a mere "former subsidiary of AT&T".

However, a mistake in the implementation was made when the ability to question about the new company identity was given to two sites only. As mentioned earlier, the support of the employees to the new corporate identity was the most crucial in the whole process. They are the only one who can make the carefully crafted identity comes true.

• Internal communication anticipation on the guidelines package and practices to be followed could have been anticipated. It would have avoided unnecessary panic among the employees, who once again needed to support the identity. However, the fact that AT&T and Lucent planned and prepared a coordinated message to give to the reporters enabled the company to keep this "panic" situation within the organization.

Training intensive training should be given in priority to sales and customer service clerks. They are the representatives of the new identity and their interactions with the customers may either consolidate the new identity or damage the brand by not respecting the "promises". This phase was handle with package guidelines which came late and might not be as effective as a 4 hours session with actual "role games".

• Institutionalizing the new identity to make the message clear that Lucent was one and unique company, all communication supports which were in contact with external sources (building, cars, web sites, sales, and product marketing …) had to be coherent and fit the new corporate identity. Inside materials, except business cards which are the passport of the employees to the external world, were not given priority.

However, tough the risk was limited with a list of "musts" and "shoulds", management should not have granted the divisions with the possibility to modify the standards. To ensure the maximum level of efficiency and unity, all communication supports should be coherent and consistent over the time and over the media.

• External communication a -phases advertising campaign was decided. The priority was given on building the brand personality and on introducing Lucent to the consumers. However, Management should rapidly consider "surveying" the consumer on their perception of the brand in order to validate or modify the brand promise that was elaborated.

Please note that this sample paper on Lucent Technologies case study is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Lucent Technologies case study, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Lucent Technologies case study will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World paper at affordable prices with custom essay service! Thomas Alva Edison was a notable inventor of his time and greatly affected the social, economical, and political world of the early 100's. His impact was clearly seen through the rapid integration of the inventions that he promoted. Aside from the controversy about his methods of obtaining and promoting inventions, Edison was an impressive figure, and his advocacy of new technologies improved life in many ways. Widespread use of inventions such as the phonograph and the vitascope drastically changed social life for Americans, giving restless Americans new forms of entertainment. Edison's discoveries, inventions, and promotions also helped to establish new businesses, and formulated the recording and movie industry. Also, Edison's production and encouragement of the widespread use of the light bulb made it possible for businesses to run efficiently even after hours without resorting to gas lamps. Edison was also a big name among law firms and legal affairs. His had a notorious reputation for suing competitors, accusing them of patent infringement. The U.S. Patent Office and the court had much trouble sorting out the legal dilemmas of this over-zealous inventor. Edison and his fellow inventors discovered new uses for electricity and mechanics, and their discoveries paved the way for further scientific and technological advancement. In addition, Edison's experiments lead to unexpected scientific discoveries, such as the "Edison Effect', which was later used to develop the radio. Edison influenced the lifestyles of his contemporaries in many aspects, and the results of his inventions, discoveries, and promotions continue to have an impact on life even after his death.

Edison's contributions to the social world were notable and dramatic. His phonograph was the first machine to be able to record and mimic sounds. Edison achieved immediate fame when he first released the phonograph in 1878. Unfortunately for Edison, this phonograph had little commercial value because of its crude imitations and low quality. Edison's popularity declined continually until the release of his improved phonograph in 1888 (Wachhorst, 40, 45). This improved phonograph was marketable and had many uses. Edison suggested using the phonograph for purposes including letter writing and dictation, audio books for the blind, music reproduction, music boxes and toys, clocks that announce the time, educational uses and recording the communications on the telephone (Fiscarelli, ). From then on, many people implemented the phonograph for personal uses as suggested by Edison. Edison also took advantage of the commercial and business possibilities of the phonograph and proceeded to distribute pre-recorded music and other sounds for the phonograph as well as recordable media for the phonograph. He even marketed "talking dolls' with tiny phonographs inside for kids to play with. The phonograph was highly popular, and its creation marked the advent of the recording and music industry. With the continual modifications and improvements made to the phonograph, the public implemented recorded sound into their lives more readily. The phonograph quickly integrated into the daily routines of the typical American, and its effect on society is immeasurable. Another important invention that shaped society was the kinetoscope. This machine would allow one person to be able to view motion pictures through a "peephole'. Most people regarded this machine as just a novelty, but it was the predecessor to projecting motion pictures machines, which allowed a wide audience to view movies. Edison was able to buy out the rights to one such machine, and renaming it the Edison Vitascope, began to advertise and mass market the machine as his own (Rutgers, -1). This way, Edison was able to promote new technologies and give the public a new pasttime. Soon, many companies began to produce projectors and movies, and within a few years, the infant industry expanded with the public's approval and interest. Edison's involvement in the phonograph, kinetoscope, and vitagraph greatly affected society at the time and lead to future developments in the entertainment industry.

Edison's involvement in the inventions mentioned above naturally affected the world economically as well. His inventions allowed him to not only market his machines and their accessories, but also made it possible for others to benefit from them. His phonograph was used in businesses, serving as recording devices for various purposes. It also had the potential for giving musicians a way to distribute samples of their work. The motion pictures and recording industry opened many economical opportunities for others. Edison's promotions and improvements on the light bulb and the electric generator also contributed to businesses and the economy. Businesses could turn to the electric light to provide lighting, allowing work to be done even at night without turning to the obsolete gas lamps (Conot, 16-164). Also, the generator made it possible for the average consumer to get electrical benefits at home, opening up a new potential new market for household appliances. Edison's 1500 DC generators were the first step in providing electrical power to citizens. Although later replaced by the more efficient AC power, Edison's preliminary work was a notable step in changing the economy and how businesses and homes operate. Edison and his work in electricity was the onset of a major technological revolution, and was the first big step towards modernization.

By becoming involved in the invention, development, and promotion of inventions, Edison often placed himself in many tense legal situations. Often times, he sued rivals for patent infringement when he couldn't outperform them in sales. This was most notable in the many cases concerning motion pictures and projectors (Rutgers, 4-). His actions had palpable effects politically and legally. Not only were his rivals disrupted by this, but it made the Patent Office aware of the intense rivalry between inventors, and forced them to consider which methods are best for preserving democracy, upholding the principle of laissez faire, while still preventing a monopoly. Edison, by being overzealous in trying to use the law to his advantage, gave the country's government institutes a preview of the intense competition in this field which would only continue to ascend in the future. This gave lawmakers a chance to prepare for such situations and allow them to define clearly its policies on such issues. In many ways, Edison, by constantly implementing and testing the law for his own benefits, helped to improve the law by forcing lawmakers to change the law to suit the rivalries of inventors and companies.

Cheap custom writing service can write essays on Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World

Although Edison preferred using experiments and guess-and-check methods instead of using scientific knowledge and procedures, he still had some impact on the scientific world. The most prominent scientific discovery was a phenomenon that he noticed while experimenting with the light bulb. He called it the "Edison Effect', but due to a lack to scientific understanding, he quickly lost interest in the subject. Later, this was used in the development of the radio. Besides this contribution, Edison's inventions, although arrived at fortuitously and through endless experimenting, promoted scientific reasoning. Since he didn't know how to explain how the invention works scientifically, he inadvertently promoted theoretical scientists to ask and hypothesize "why does it work?' and "how could it be made better and more efficient?' One such scientist, Nikola Tesla, was able to study Edison's DC dynamo and improve its efficiency greatly. Later Tesla went on to make an AC dynamo, completely surpassing Edison's method in terms of efficiency and power output (Foran, ). Edison's lack of interest towards the scientific method nevertheless promoted science and its applications in technology in ways that he could never fully comprehend.

Edison's life as an inventor had a dramatic impact on the world. Through inventions that he worked on, improved, and promoted, Edison shaped how people lived in many different aspects. Every American, some way or another, experienced something related to Edison. The young people learned to watch movies produced by companies owned by Edison. Music lovers became obsessed with the phonograph and implemented it in their lives. Competitors and rival inventors had to deal with the patent laws and legal trouble that Edison gave them. Entire law firms were on hold, ready to help the best paying inventor conquer all others. Scientific communities discussed nonstop the ideas behind Edison's latest invention. Lastly, the consumers of America saw how Edison was able to expand and create new industries, and allow the world to progress faster than it ever has before.

Caceci, Dr. Thomas. "Note Thomas Edison." Veterinary Histology.

0 April 00 http//education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab/Notes/edison.htm

Conot, Robert. A Streak of Luck. New York Seaview Books, 17.

Fiscarelli, Paul. "The Invention." History of the Phonograph.

18 April 00 http//www.rpi.edu/~fiscap/history_files/phono.htm

Foran, Jack. "The Invention Of The Universal Electrical Power System" University at Buffalo.

17 April 00 http//ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/niagara.htm

Rutgers. "Early Motion Pictures Industry." Thomas Alva Edison Papers.

1 April 00 http//edison.rutgers.edu/mopix/catalogs.htm

Wachhorst, Wyn. Thomas Alva Edison An American Myth. USA Colonial Cooperative Press Inc., 181.

Please note that this sample paper on Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Thomas Edison and His Impact on the World will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from custom essay service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Yada. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Yada paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Yada, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Yada paper at affordable prices !

1. Describe clearly the accounting changes Harnischfeger made in 184 as stated in Note of its financial statements.

- Per 1 november 18 worden door Harnischfeger gekochte en doorverkochte producten van Kobe Steel Ltd. opgenomen in het saldo van de verkopen. Daarvoor werd alleen de bruto marge van deze producten opgenomen in de financi�le verslaggeving.

- Per 1 november 18 worden de cijfers van enkele buitenlandse dochtermaatschappijen geconsolideerd op basis van een fiscaal jaar dat loopt tot 0 september in plaats van 1 juli. Hierdoor stegen de verkopen met $ 5.4 miljoen.

- De afschrijvingsmethode werd met terugwerkende kracht gewijzigd in een systeem van lineaire afschrijving. Ook werd er een levensduurherziening doorgevoerd. De verwachtte restwaarden werden ook aangepast.

Help with essay on Yada

. What is the effect of the depreciation accounting method change on the reported income in 184? How will this change affect profits in future years?

184 het effect van de wijziging in afschrijvingsmethode op het netto inkomen is een stijging van ruim $ 11 miljoen in 184.

Toekomst omdat er nu lineair (dus gelijke bedragen uitgesmeerd over de afschrijvingsperiode) wordt afgeschreven over een langere periode en met een hogere restwaarde, zullen deze wijziging in het afschrijvingsbeleid een direct effect hebben op de winsten in de komende jaren. Het af te schrijven totaalbedrag wordt lager door de hogere restwaarde en het jaarlijks af te schrijven bedrag daalt door de levensduurherziening en lineaire methode, dit zal resulteren in hogere winsten.

. What is the effect of the depreciation lives change? How will this change affect future reported profits?

184 De wijziging in levensduur en restwaarde veroorzaakte een stijging van $ . miljoen dollar van het netto inkomen.

Toekomst omdat er nu lineair wordt afgeschreven over een langere periode en met een hogere restwaarde, zullen deze wijziging in het afschrijvingsbeleid een direct effect hebben op de winsten in de komende jaren. Het af te schrijven totaalbedrag wordt lager door de hogere restwaarde en het jaarlijks af te schrijven bedrag daalt door de levensduurherziening en lineaire methode, dit zal resulteren in hogere winsten.

4. The depreciation accounting changes assume that Harnischfeger's plant and machinery will last longer and will lose their value more slowly. Given the business conditions Harnischfeger was facing in its primary industries in 184, are these economic assumptions justified?

Door het aangaan van een langlopend contract met Kobe Steel Ltd. heeft Harnischfeger de mogelijkheid gekregen om haar productie van constructie kranen uit te besteden en zelf de productie stop te zetten. Dit heeft tot gevolg dat de eigen machines minder/niet gebruikt worden en hierdoor zal de waarde van de machines langzamer verminderen, de machines hebben immers een langere levensduur.

Als machines niet of nauwelijks gebruikt worden kun je je echter afvragen of ze überhaupt nog wel waarde hebben voor de onderneming.

5. In Note 7, Harnischfeger describes the effect of LIFO inventory liquidation on its reported profits in 184. Describe what is meant by LIFO liquidation, and how liquidation affects a company's income statement and balance sheet.

Het liquideren van LIFO voorraden betekend het verkopen van deze voorraden tegen een lagere prijs ten opzichte van de kostprijs/prijs van verwerving. Het betreft hier voorraden uit 18, 18, 184 die door het terug brengen van voorraden verkocht moesten worden.

Het resultaat van deze liquidatie van de (LIFO) voorraden is een stijging van $ .4 miljoen van het netto inkomen.

6. Note 8 states Harnischfeger's allowance for doubtful accounts. Compute the ratio of the allowance to gross receivables (receivables before the allowance) in 18 and 184. What would the allowance have been if the company maintained the ratio at the 18 level? How much did the pre-tax income increase as a result of the changed ratio in 184?

Het % voor de toeslag voor dubieuze debiteuren bedroeg in

18 =

184 =

Als men in 184 hetzelfde opslag % zou gebruiken zou de "allowance' 10,04% van $87.648 miljoen zijn, oftewel $8.8 miljoen. Dit zou betekenen dat het pre tax inkomen zou dalen met ($8.8 -/- $5.) $. miljoen.

7. Note states that Harnischfeger decreased its R&D expense in 184 relative to the previous two years. Do you think this change was motivated by business considerations or accounting considerations? How did this change affect the company's reported profits in 184?

Sinds 18 dalen de R&D uitgaven sterk, van $14.1 miljoen in 18 naar $5.1 miljoen in 184. Een en ander heeft natuurlijk te maken met kostenreductie, maar ook de samenwerking met Kobe Steel Ltd., waaraan een groot deel van de productie wordt uitbesteed, draagt hiertoe bij. Er is zelf minder R&D nodig en in een contract wat er onderling is afgesloten staat dat Harnischfeger gespreid over jaar $17 miljoen zal uitgeven aan R&D, als dit daadwerkelijk gebeurt, dan zal Kobe Steel Ltd. deze R&D kosten vergoeden.

Voor de winst in 184 heeft dit tot gevolg gehad dat door de dalende R&D kosten er een hogere winst was ten opzichte van 18. (uitgaven $5.1 miljoen ipv $1.1 miljoen)

8. Note 11 describes a number of changes in Harnischfeger's pension plans in 184. Describe these changes as clearly as you can. What are the economic consequences of these changes to Harnischfeger and its workers?

- Herstructurering pensioenfonds, het oude pensioenplan wordt stopgezet en een nieuwe opgezet. Dit gebeurt omdat het fonds groter is dan noodzakelijk. De overtollige gelden vallen ten gunste van het inkomen vrij.

- De "rate of return' is bijgesteld naar % in 184. Was resp. 8% / 7.5% in 18 en 18. Hierdoor dalen de uitgaven voor pensioenen.

. How did the pension plan changes affect Harnischfeger's financial statements in 184? Are these changes likely to affect future profits?

Het herstructureren van de pensioenen structuur zorgde ervoor dat $. miljoen verdiend werd omdat het fonds veel meer dan noodzakelijk vol zat met geld. Dit bedrag valt verspreidt over 10 jaar vrij aan het inkomen beginnend in 184.

De wijziging in de "rate of return' (zie vraag ) zorgt samen met de herstructurering voor een daling van uitgaven van $4 miljoen in 184.

10. Summarize all the accounting changes Harnischfeger made in 184, and their effects on pre-tax profits and cash flows in 184.

- Door Harnischfeger gekochte en doorverkochte producten van Kobe Steel Ltd. opgenomen in het saldo van de verkopen. Daarvoor werd alleen de bruto marge van deze producten opgenomen in de financi�le verslaggeving. (zie 1.)

- Cijfers van enkele buitenlandse dochtermaatschappijen geconsolideerd op basis van een fiscaal jaar dat loopt tot 0 september in plaats van 1 juli. Hierdoor stegen de verkopen met $ 5.4 miljoen. (zie 1.)

- De afschrijvingsmethode werd met terugwerkende kracht gewijzigd in een systeem van lineaire afschrijving. Ook werd er een levensduurherziening doorgevoerd. De verwachtte restwaarden werden ook aangepast. (zie 1.-4.)

- Het % voor de toeslag voor dubieuze debiteuren werd gewijzigd, hierdoor daalde de uitgaven voor dubieuze debiteuren. (zie 6.)

- Herstructurering pensioenfonds (het fonds is groter dan noodzakelijk). De overtollige gelden vallen ten gunste van het inkomen vrij. De "rate of return' is bijgesteld naar % in 184. Hierdoor dalen de uitgaven voor pensioenen. (zie 8.-.)

11. Accounting statements are used by investors, lenders, customers, employees, and governments in dealing with Harnischfeger. Among these groups, who is most likely to "see through" the above accounting changes, and who is least likely to do so?

Most likely investors, investeerders hebben de kennis/know-how en ervaring om een bedrijf door te lichten op het gebied van hun cijfers. Zij zullen het eerder in de gaten hebben als een bedrijf met haar cijfers "speelt'.

Least likely customers, klanten zullen de expertise/tijd/middelen niet hebben om bedrijven grondig te analyseren. Zij zullen grotendeels afhankelijk zijn van adviezen/pers berichten etc. Er zit dus een vertraging in van analist naar klant.

1. Are the accounting changes likely to help or to hinder Harnischfeger's ability to implement its business plan? Be as specific as possible.

Harnischfeger is van plan om verder te groeien en om de winstgevendheid van het bedrijf vast te houden (p-), ook zal zij blijven concurreren op haar markt. De cijfers die zij in 184 laat zien zijn positief, en ook de vooruitzichten (verbetering markten, grote opdrachten uit Turkije en andere markten) zijn hoopvol. Door de wijzigingen in het beleid omtrent de verslaggeving zal het bedrijf de komende jaren extra winst halen uit de vrijvallende pensioenen (overtollig), en de dalende uitgaven (afschrijvingen, R&D, pensioenen).

1. Overall, what is your assessment of Harnischfeger's future as of 184?

Harnischfeger is met haar nieuwe strategie (nieuw management, kostenreductie, herori�ntatie van de business, herstructurering financi�n) een goede weg ingeslagen. In 18 was er nog verlies, maar in 184 is er door een aantal wijzigingen in de kostenstructuur en het beleid met betrekking tot de verslaggeving een ruime winst. Vooral de herstructurering van de pensioenen ($. miljoen over 10 jaar), de dalende R&D kosten en de wijziging in de afschrijvingsmethode dragen hiertoe bij.

In april is tevens de financi�le stabiliteit verbeterd met het uitgeven van aandelen, waarvan de opbrengsten gebruikt werden om alle lange termijn schulden af te betalen. Nu is er de mogelijkheid (middelen) om nieuwe kansen om te groeien en diversifi�ren aan te pakken.

Ook de verschillende divisies deden het goed in 184, mining +60%, material handling +10%. Dit alles duidt erop dat Harnischfeger weer op de goede weg is. Toch zou ik afwachtend zijn met zelf investeren in Harnischfeger, omdat ze naar mijn mening teveel gegoocheld hebben met de cijfers om een goed resultaat te laten zien.

Please note that this sample paper on Yada is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Yada, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Yada will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on rain forest. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality rain forest paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in rain forest, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your rain forest paper at affordable prices ! I. Introduction

A. Opening statement The rainforest is one of the Earth's most valuable natural resources. At the current rate of destruction it could be completely wiped out in the next 40 years.

B. Statement of problem and proposed solution Every single day we are losing 17 plants, animal and insect species due to rainforest deforestation (Rainforest Facts). Landowners and governments of the rainforest today need to be given a good economic reason not to destroy the rainforest. We need to make an economy for the sustainable resources of the rainforest, not the cattle and logging operations.

C. Relevance to audience Most people have no idea just how much the rainforest is affecting our lives. Many of our foods and medicines come directly from the rainforest. Even the oxygen we breathe is a direct function of the rainforest. If we let the rainforest disappear, the results would be devastating.

Order Custom rain forest paper

D. Credibility You should take what I have to say seriously because I have done extensive research on the topic. (See references I'll state them in the speech)

E. Preview of main points/arguments During my speech I am going to let you in on some information that everyone should know about the rainforest. I am going to tell you about the serious danger that the rainforest is in and tell you why it is happening. I am also going to tell you about the only way that we can fix this mess.

II. Transition to main point 1 For the first part of my speech I am going to be stressing some very interesting and important facts to you. It is important to understand how much each and every one of us really does need the rainforest.

III. Main point 1 (Some things everyone should know about the RF) At least 80% of the developed world's diet originated in the RF. (list some of the foods) (Going Nuts). RF's support over half our plants and trees, and half of the world's wildlife. The bio diversity of the tropical RF is so great that 1% of its millions of species have been studied for possible human use. 11 prescription drugs sold worldwide come from plants. 5% of Western pharmaceuticals are derived from RF ingredients, less than 1% of the trees and plants in the RF have even been tested!!! (Rainforest Facts). The U.S. National Cancer Institute has identified 000 plants that are active against cancer cells. 70% of these plants are found in the RF. 5% of the active ingredients in today's cancer-fighting drugs come from organisms found only in the RF (Rainforest Facts). Two drugs obtained from a RF plant called Madagascar periwinkle, now extinct in the wild due to deforestation, has increased the chances of survival for children with leukemia from 0% to 80% (Rainforest Facts). Experts now believe that if there is a cure for cancer and even AIDS, it will probably be found in the RF (The Last Sorcerer).

IV. Transition to main point Hopefully you can now see that the rainforest is in fact important to us. Unfortunately, it is in serious danger.

V. Main point (The problem Deforestation and Species Extinction) Rainforests once covered 14% of earth's surface, now 6%. 1-½ acres are lost every second. Nearly half of the world's species of plants and animals will be destroyed or severely threatened over the next 5 years due to deforestation. If deforestation continues at current rates, scientists estimate that 80-0% of tropical RF ecosystems will be destroyed by 00. This is driving a species extinction rate unmatched in 65 million yrs (The Biodiversity). The biggest cause of deforestation is timber logging. Land is also being cleared for large-scale cattle ranching, mining operation, government road building and hydroelectric schemes, military operations, and subsistence agriculture of peasants and landless settlers. In some places even for charcoal to power industrial plants (Human Activities). Massive deforestation brings with it air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemic, release of carbon dioxide, loss of biodiversity. Less RF means less rain, oxygen, and greater threat of global warming.

VI. Transition to main point The rainforests are being destroyed every second. They are being cut down for short-term economic benefit. Once an area is destroyed, it can never again return to the amazing ecosystem that it once was. It takes millions of years to create, and seconds to destroy. People who live in the rainforest have to see the rainforest for more than just its trees. There is more money to be made in the sustainable natural resources that it holds, than its timber.

VII. Main point Money makes the world go around. Land owners, governments and those living in the RF must be given a wonderful reason not to destroy the RF, when it could be saved. Many organizations have demonstrated that if the medicinal plants, fruits, nuts, oils and other resources were harvested sustainable, RF land has much more economic value today and more long term income and profits than if just timber were harvested or if it were burned down for cattle or farming operations(Going Nuts). Latest stats land converted to cattle operations=$60/acre. If timber harvested=$400. Renewable and sustainable resources=$,400/acre (Rainforest Facts). This value is not only for today, but for generations. Local people must be employed to harvest the sustainable resources. People earn 5-10 times more money wild harvesting than they do chopping down the rainforest for subsistence crops. When timber is harvested for little profit and short term gains, all medicinal plants, and nuts, and spices are destroyed (Going Nuts). We have to make a consumer demand and a consumer market for all the sustainable resources. We have to purchase renewable and sustainable RF products and resources, and demand sustainable harvesting of these resources, using local people.

VIII. Transition to conclusion After telling you about what is necessary to save the rainforest, I hope that everyone will seriously consider becoming a part of the demand for sustainable natural resources.

IX. Conclusion

A. Summary of main points I have told you why we should all love and appreciate the rainforest. I have told you the serious danger that the rainforest is facing, and finally told you the solution that can fix it.

B. Statement ending speech There is a way to save the rainforest. It won't be easy, and it won't happen overnight. We have to work together if we want to save this precious natural resource. During the 6-8 minutes of my speech anywhere from 540-70 acres of rainforest has been lost forever.

References

Assies, Willem. Going Nuts for the Rainforest Non-timber Forest Products, Forest Conservation and Sustainability in Amazonia. Amsterdam, Thela Publishers 17.

Human Activities and the Tropical Rainforest Past, Present, and Possible Future. Dordrecht; Boston Kluwer Academic Publisher, 18.

Joyce, Christopher. Earthly Goods Medicine-Hunting in the Rainforest. Boston, Little, Brown, 14.

Millken, William, Ratter, James A. The Biodiversity and Environment of an Amazonian Rainforest. Chichester; New York Wiley, 18.

Russo, Ethan. The Last Sorcerer Echoes of the Rainforest. Haworth Integrative Healing Press, 00.

Rainforest Facts http//rain-tree.com/facts.htm .

"Rainforest." Encyclopedia Britannica 00 Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service.

18 Mar, 00 http//www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=64070

X. Introduction

A. Opening statement The rainforest is one of the Earth's most valuable natural resources. At the current rate of destruction it could be completely wiped out in the next 40 years.

B. Statement of problem and proposed solution Every single day we are losing 17 plant, animal and insect species due to rainforest deforestation (Rainforest Facts). Landowners and governments of the rainforest today need to be given a good economic reason not to destroy the rainforest. We need to make an economy for the sustainable resources of the rainforest, not the cattle and logging operations.

C. Relevance to audience Most people have no idea just how much the rainforest is affecting our lives. Many of our foods and medicines come directly from the rainforest. Even the oxygen we breathe is a direct function of the rainforest. If we let the rainforest disappear, the results would be devastating.

D. Credibility You should take what I have to say seriously because I have done extensive research on the topic. (See references I'll state them in the speech)

E. Preview of main points/arguments During my speech I am going to let you in on some information that everyone should know about the rainforest. I am going to tell you about the serious danger that the rainforest is in and tell you why it is happening. I am also going to tell you about the only way that we can fix this mess.

XI. Transition to main point 1 For the first part of my speech I am going to be stressing some very interesting and important facts to you. It is important to understand how much each and every one of us really does need the rainforest.

References

Assies, Willem. Going Nuts for the Rainforest Non-timber Forest Products, Forest Conservation and Sustainability in Amazonia. Amsterdam, Thela Publishers 17.

Human Activities and the Tropical Rainforest Past, Present, and Possible Future. Dordrecht; Boston Kluwer Academic Publisher, 18.

Joyce, Christopher. Earthly Goods Medicine-Hunting in the Rainforest. Boston, Little, Brown, 14.

Millken, William, Ratter, James A. The Biodiversity and Environment of an Amazonian Rainforest. Chichester; New York Wiley, 18.

Russo, Ethan. The Last Sorcerer Echoes of the Rainforest. Haworth Integrative Healing Press, 00.

Rainforest Facts http//rain-tree.com/facts.htm .

"Rainforest." Encyclopedia Britannica 00 Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service.

18 Mar, 00 http//www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=64070

Please note that this sample paper on rain forest is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on rain forest, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on rain forest will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Sin In The Believer - Gambling. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Sin In The Believer - Gambling paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Sin In The Believer - Gambling, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Sin In The Believer - Gambling paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Sin in the Believer - Gambling

Historical Facts

The Romans worshipped a goddess of FORTUNE & CHANCE. The Roman poet Juvenal wrote of her

saying, Thou wouldst have no divine power if we were prudent. The Romans held festivals and

Cheap custom writing service can write essays on Sin In The Believer - Gambling

erected temples in her owner. One temple was called Felicitas which means good fortune or

good luck.

The Roman lawyer and satirist Juvenal (60-140A.D.) characterized gambling as a domineering vice of the

foolish.

Experiences of the past have crystallized into a general public conviction that LOTTERIES are to be

regarded, in direct proportion to their extension, as among the most dangerous and prolific sources of

human misery (Lotteries In American History by A. R. Spofford - 18). He made this statement as a

result of the experiences in America...

- In 175 Pennsylvanias Provincial Assembly banned lotteries, denouncing them as a public and common

nuisance, stating in its edict that they were introductive to vice, idleness and immorality;

injurious to trade commerce and industry; and against the common good, welfare and peace of the

province.

- In 18 the Grand National Lottery, which was instituted to finance road and canal improvements in

Washington, D.C. Tickets sold well, but the agents who conducted the lottery ran off with every

dime.

- By 1860 all states but Louisiana had banned state lotteries.

- In 184 Louisiana finally outlawed their lottery after discovering that of the $0 million dollars collected

only $40,000 found its way into the state treasury.

Many believe that the great Chicago Fire of 1871 was started when Mrs. OLearys cow kicked over a

lantern. Others that Mrs. OLearys son and his friends were in the barn, involved in a lively gambling

game called craps. In all the excitement one of the shooters knocked over the lantern that started the fire.

Gambling in Canada

188 - The first Criminal Code of Canada was enacted and contained provisions that prohibited gaming-

houses, lotteries, cheating at play, and gambling in public conveyances.

100 - The law was changed to allow small scale raffles to be held for charitable or religious ends.

100 - 16 - Bingos, raffles, casinos became prevalent as charities and exhibition associations held

exclusive jurisdiction over gambling in Canada.

16 - Quebec and the City of Montreal responded to mounting financial pressures and introduced

Canadas first lottery. As it was deemed illegal by the Supreme Court, a law was passed legalizing

government-run lotteries.

By 185 - Provinces obtained a monopoly on gambling. All charities must obtain a provincial license to

operate

18 - The first slot machines were introduced at Canadas first permanent casino in Manitoba.

10 - The first non-casino electronic gambling in New Brunswick through video lottery terminals

(VLTs) in stores and bars.

Today, there are permanent casinos and slot machines in all but Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick,

and Newfoundland. Video lottery play has been introduced in all but Ontario and British Columbia. The

last 11 years have seen the development of 54 permanent casinos and the introduction of 5,000 electronic

gambling machines in Canada. There are now over 1,000 slot machines, 8,000 video lottery terminals,

0,000 annual bingo events, and 44 permanent horse race tracks in Canada (Azmier, 000).

In 000, $5. billion dollars was collected by governments in Canada from gambling. This was .6% of

the total revenue. The lowest % is in BC at .76% ($55M). NS is the highest at 5.4% ($167M). NB is

.16% ($87M)

Isnt This Gambling ...

- Giving of prizes is not gambling if you do not have to risk anything to get the prize.

- Insurance is not gambling. The purpose of insurance is to spread the liability and risk of accident, illness,

injury or death around. Insurance does not create the risk. It is probably the most effective way of

seeing that needs and expenses incurred, if such should happen, are able to be paid for.

- The stock market involves speculation. It is possible for most (if not all) to win as over time the market

historically rises.

What Is Gambling?

Something of value is risked by the bettor who MAY receive a payoff determined by chance. Most lose

their stake.

The Church and Gambling

Historically, the Bible preaching church has long looked upon gambling as incompatible with the

Christian life. Early Church pastor, Tertullian said, If you say that you are a Christian when you

are a dice-player, you say you are what you are not, because you are a partner with the world.

(Money, Mania, Morals by L. Starkey Jr. p.5).

to risk money haphazardly in gambling is to completely disregard the Biblical truth that our possessions

are a trust for which we must someday give full account to God! (M. R. DeHaan).

Mississippi riverboat gambler, George Devol, used to like to trick ministers into betting against him. They

would always lose and then Devol would give them their money back accompanied by this advice

Go and sin no more.

Gambling Is Idolatrous - God commands us to live a life of faith and trust in the Lord Jesus Christ.

Gambling Is Stealing - The gains of the winners are paid at the expense of the losers. In winning, one

receives the wages that another person has earned without giving anything in exchange.

(Gambling, Kober; p. & 8). Just because it is robbery by consent does not make it right.

Ephesians 48 Let him that stole steal no more but rather let him labour, working with his

hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.

Gambling Is Based On Covetousness - Gambling is an attempt to get something for nothing twisted by

the willingness to take a risk. It is the desire to get rich quick without working for it. The desire

to gamble is fueled by the love of money and we know the love of money is the root of all [kinds

of] evil (I Timothy 610). …which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and

pierced them-selves through with many sorrows.

Gambling Is Poor Stewardship Of What God Has Entrusted To Your Care - I Corinthians 4 1-

Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers of Christ, and stewards of the mysteries of God.

More-over it is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful.

Gambling Is Addictive - I Corinthians 61 All things are lawful unto me, but all things are not

expedient all things are lawful for me, but I will not be brought under the power of any.

Nick the Greek (Nicholas Andrea Dandolos) won as much as $50 million in a single night. By his

account, he went from rags to riches and back again 7 times in his life. During his life time he

won and lost more than $500 million. He died broke, on Christmas day in 166.

How about Casino Gambling?

In the first six years of casinos in Minnesota, the crime rate in counties with casinos increased more than

twice as fast as in non-casino counties. According to an analysis by the Minneapolis Star Tribune, the

median crime rate in casino counties rose percent during that period as compared to an 18 percent

increase in non-casino counties.

· The total number of crimes within a 0-mile radius of Atlantic City increased by 107 percent in the nine

years following the introduction of casinos to Atlantic City.

· The Mississippi Gulf Coast experienced a 4 percent increase in crime in the four years after casinos

arrived. Harrison County, where most of the Gulf Coast casinos are located, witnessed a 58

percent increase in total crimes between 1 and 16.

· A U.S. News & World Report analysis found crime rates in casino communities to be 84 percent higher

than the national average. Further, while crime rates nationally dropped by percent in 14, the

1 localities that introduced casinos in 1 saw an increase in crime of 7.7 percent the following

year.

· The number of court cases filed in Tunica County, Mississippi, went from 68 in 11, the year before

casinos began operating there, to 11,100 in 16.

· The annual number of calls to the Ledyard, Connecticut, police department jumped from 4,000 to 16,700

within five years after the opening of the nearby Foxwoods Casino.

· University of Nevada-Las Vegas researchers concluded that the state of Wisconsin experiences an

average of 5,00 additional major crimes a year due to the presence of casinos in that state. They

also attributed an additional 17,100 arrests for less-serious crimes each year to the existence of

casino gambling.

· Nevada ranked first in crime rates among the fifty states in both 15 and 16, based on an analysis of

FBI Uniform Crime Report statistics. Further, the violent crime rate in Nevada increased by close

to 40 percent from 11 to 16, a period in which the national violent crime rate dropped by

approximately 10 percent.

· The San Jose, California, police department reported significant increases in crime in the vicinity of a

new cardroom in the year after its opening. Narcotics offenses increased by 00 percent, property

crimes by 8 percent, petty thefts by 56 percent, auto thefts by 1 percent, and traffic accidents by

55 percent in a single year.

· The number of police calls in Black Hawk, Colorado, increased from 5 a year before casinos to between

15,000 and 0,000 annually after their introduction. In neighboring Central City, the number of

arrests increased by 75 percent the year after casinos arrived. In Cripple Creek, Colorado, serious

crime increased by 87 percent in the first three years after casinos.

· The annual number of felony cases filed in Lawrence County, South Dakota, has increased by

approximately 6 percent since the introduction of casinos to Deadwood.

· Half of Louisiana District Attorneys surveyed in 15 noted gambling as a factor in rising crime rates in

their jurisdictions.

Please note that this sample paper on Sin In The Believer - Gambling is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Sin In The Believer - Gambling, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Sin In The Believer - Gambling will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Miranda v. Arizona. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Miranda v. Arizona paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Miranda v. Arizona, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Miranda v. Arizona paper at affordable prices with custom essay service! How familiar is this statement

1. Anything you say may be used against you in a court of law.

. As we discuss this matter, you have a right to stop answering my questions at any time you desire.

. You have a right to a lawyer before speaking to me, to remain silent until you can talk to him or her, and to have your lawyer present when you are being questioned.

Cheap College Papers on Miranda v. Arizona

4. If you want a lawyer but cannot afford one, one will be provided to you without cost.

5. Do you understand each of these rights I have explained to you?

6. Now that I have advised you of your rights, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present?

Everyone is familiar with this statement in one form or another. Whether it was seen on television or used on you directly this statement has become an essential part of a term we call Due Process of Law. Its name is the Miranda Warnings taken from the case of Miranda v. Arizona. It is interesting how such a statement can be overlooked time and time again. One never really takes into account what this statement means and why police authorities have to use it. In this essay I will explain its origin and what it has meant to the United States since its inclusion at times of arrest.

Before I decipher each statement let me shed some light on where is came from. Ernesto Miranda was a poor Mexican immigrant who in 16 was arrested on kidnapping and rape charges. The defendant (Ernesto Miranda) was identified in a police lineup, was then questioned, and his confession was used at trial. After this he was convicted to 60 years in prison. The defendant appealed this decision to the Supreme Court of Arizona on the basis that he was not given due process of the law because the police never read him his Fifth Amendment rights, which are his right to counsel, and his right not to incriminate himself. The Arizona Supreme Court of Arizona upheld the ruling of the lower court. This was done even though Miranda's attorney argued that that his confession should not have been used in his trial because Miranda had not been informed of his rights, and no attorney had been present to assist him during his interrogation. Taking it one step further Miranda then appealed his case to the Supreme Court of the United States and on June 1, 166. The Supreme Court after reviewing all the facts decided to reverse the Arizona court's conviction of Ernesto Miranda on kidnapping and rape charges agreeing that the defendant did not receive the due process of the law. Specifically it was noted that since his Fifth Amendment right was taken away from him by the Arizona police, "...if an accused is not already informed of his rights, or did not understand them, a confession is inadmissible. Now this decision has not only changed the rules and regulations in Arizona alone, but has changed society on a much larger scale as well.

Now that we have some information on how the Miranda Warnings came into affect lets look at what they actually mean form the courts point of view. These statements and questions were implemented to ensure that every defendant is given due process of the law and it was also a way to ensure that Miranda v. Arizona will not occur again. Here are the reasons behind each statement as seen by the court of law. When it comes to the right to remain silent the court states that, "the warning of the right to remain silent must be accompanied by the explanation that anything said can and will be used against the individual in court. This warning is needed in order to make him aware not only of the privilege, but also of the consequences of forgoing it. . . . [T]his warning may serve to make the individual more acutely aware that he is faced with a phase of the adversary system-that he is not in the presence of persons acting solely in his interests. . . ." The right to have an attorney present is described by the court as, "If an individual indicates that he wishes the assistance of counsel before any interrogation occurs, the authorities cannot rationally ignore or deny his request on the basis that the individual does not have or cannot afford a retained attorney . . .. The privilege against self-incrimination secured by the Constitution applies to all individuals. The need for counsel in order to protect the privilege exists for the indigent as well as the affluent. . . ." Going further into detail on the issue of interrogation the courts states, ". . . [W]e hold that an individual held for interrogation must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation under the system for protecting the privilege today. . . . No amount of circumstantial evidence that the person may have been aware of this right will suffice to stand in its stead Only through such a warning is there ascertainable assurance that the accused was aware of this right." Now in a summation of the whole statement we see, "The principles announced today deal with the protection which must be given to the privilege against self-incrimination when the individual is first subjected to police interrogation while in custody at the station or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way. It is at this point that our adversary system of criminal proceedings commences, distinguishing itself at the outset from the inquisitorial system recognized in some countries. Under the system of warnings we delineate today or under any other system which may be devised and found effective, the safeguards to be erected about the privilege must come into play at this point. . . ." Now the Court specifically broke down each line of the warning further to show the importance of why they were used. This was outlined not only to help the arresting officer understand how important it is to say at the time of arrest but also to the suspect to ensure that they are treated fairly.

Now the case itself was not so easily decided. Actually it was split, and in the final ruling was 5 to 4 in favor of the defendant. As with all big cases judges make statement regarding the opinions of the decision, I will take a look at the dissenting opinion and to see why these judges felt different from the majority. In the dissenting opinion the Justices stated that the court's ruling "represents poor constitutional law and entails harmful consequences for the country at large. How serious these consequences may prove to be only time can tell. But the basic flaws in the Courts justification seem to me readily apparent now once all sides of the problem are considered. . . ." They also speak about the Miranda warnings, "the new rules are not designed to guard against police brutality or other unmistakably banned forms of coercion. Those who use third-degree tactics and deny them in court are equally able and destined to lie as skillfully about warnings and waivers. Rather, the thrust of the new rules is to negate all pressures, to reinforce the nervous or ignorant suspect, and ultimately to discourage any confession at all. The aim in short is toward voluntariness in a utopian sense, or to view it from a different angle, voluntariness with a vengeance. . . ." The dissenting opinion of the Court rested more on the nature of the crime committed, unlike the majority opinion of the court that rested their decision more on legal procedure, "Yet the resulting confessions, and the responsible course of police practice they represent, are to be sacrificed to the Courts own finespun conception of fairness." Here we see that the dissenting judges were looking at the case not from the perspective of a criminal act that was committed by authorities by not reading Miranda his rights, but from the perspective that when all is said and done the actual factor is that he was accused of kidnapping and rape which is what should have been looked at. Now they go on to say that by looking at it in the legal aspect and not by the actual crime a great injustice was done to society one a whole.

Now the Miranda v. Arizona case went on to be the leading case that other cases tried to rest itself on. Two notable cases were Harris v. New York (171) in which Harris was arrested for selling heroin to an undercover police officer and was not given his Miranda warnings when he told the police that he did sell heroin to the undercover officer. Therefore the statement was not used at his trial but when he took the stand the defendant contradicted what he said previously. The Supreme Court ruled that the Miranda doctrine could not be "perverted into a license to use perjury by way of a defense, free from the risk of confrontation with prior inconsistent utterances." And Michigan v. Tucker where the defendant was warned of his right to remain silent but not of his right to an attorney. In the defendant's statement he identified someone as a potential witness and when the case went to trial the defense attorney argued that the witness could not testify because it was "derivative evidence that came out of the defendant's statement. The Supreme Court ruled that the defendant could testify because the defendant was warned of his right against self-discrimination. Both of these cases tried in some way or another to state that portions of the Miranda Warnings were not stated and used so there the defendants should not be tried for their crimes, but as we see its not as easy as that to get off.

In conclusion Miranda v. Arizona was one the biggest cases to change the way society fucntions. Its is right up there with Brown v. Board of Education, Rowe v. Wade, and Plessy v. Ferguson. All have shaped society to make it what it is today. On a personal note, being an Afro-Caribbena man from the inner city I wish all people would study cases such as these it would help the countless number of people being incarcerated each day. If they would just be informed it could actually save their life. After all aren't we all in pursuit for LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE AMERICAN DREAM.

Please note that this sample paper on Miranda v. Arizona is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Miranda v. Arizona, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Miranda v. Arizona will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from custom essay service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on what is the significance of humour in life?. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality what is the significance of humour in life? paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in what is the significance of humour in life?, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your what is the significance of humour in life? paper at affordable prices ! What is the significance of humour in life? What are the limits of humour? What do we laugh at and when should the laughter stop?

The aim of this essay is too determine the significance of humour in life. To establish what things we laugh at and discuss if there is a limit to humour. Is there a point when the laughter becomes a mockery of a serious social and political issue?

Primarily I will investigate the theories of humour and laughter, then focus on the limits of humour and if there is a point when the laughter should stop.

After reading various researches on humour I have discovered it is very difficult to define the concept satisfactorily. Goldstein and McGhee (171) believe that humour cannot be defined "…for the simple reason that there is no single definition of humour acceptable to all investigators in the area". There are sociologists and anthropologists who look at the social processes by which humour occurs and psychologists who look for the mental processes which occur in the production or reception of humour. Palmer (1458) states " It is not essential to believe in a universal purpose of humour in order to define it functionally… many analyses find particular functions for humour in particular social circumstances". Each area of study finds various explanations for the functions of humour. An example of this is Powell (18) who sees humour "…as a form of the social control of deviance". Powell believes people who are deviant are responded to with humour. For example, if somebody has bad manners or eccentric behaviour they will be laughed and become the "butt' of peoples jokes.

Custom essays on what is the significance of humour in life?

There are many different theories for humour and the functions of humour that are all specific to different areas of study. It is not possible to list all the possibilities. When trying to explain humour Palmer (14) uses the simple explanation that "humour is anything actually or potentially funny". For the purpose of this essay, Palmers statement provides a sufficient understanding of what humour is.

For most studies on humour the word laughter has been used extensively. Apte (18514) says, " laughter and smiling are probably the most overt indicators of the humour experience". There is a definite link between humour and laughter "… the two seem to have a cause � effect relationship or a stimulus- response relationship in many social situations". However not every instance of laughter is a result of humour. There are other reasons behind laughter such as sheer joy and happiness. Darwin (187/16516) stated that " laughter seemed primarily too express mere joy". As evidence for this he provided the fact that idiots and imbeciles laughed in a senseless manner without any external stimuli. He claimed that such individuals merely "…feel pleasure and express it by laughter and smiles". He also considers that " tickling, crying and other non joyous emotions can be the causes of laughter".

There are many reasons why people laugh, a main one being the cause and effect relationship it has with humour.

Is there a limit to humour? Is there a point when the humour is no longer funny and becomes offensive? In my opinion there is a fine line between humour and offence. The following case study illustrates my point. Taken from Palmer

(1416). A joke turned into a very serious issue.

In 14 in the former British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania) a joke turned into a court case (Pedler 140). A woman from the Situma tribe lodged a complaint in the British run court about a man from the Zaramu tribe, who had pushed her to the ground and manhandled her. The man admitted the act but claimed in his defence that she was his joking partner, that he had already behaved in the same way with her before and that therefore the act was a joke and not an assault. It was established in court that the two tribes were indeed in a joking relationship with each other. The court found the act was indeed an assault, but that the nature of the joking relationship was a mitigating factor.

In this case study, was it right that the woman who always joked with the man could suddenly regard the act against her offensive? The incident took place in a crowded town and not a typical African village. Palmer (14164) believes "the circumstances of the event were responsible". The joke took place in front of people who do not follow the tribes culture and so the woman was afraid of the outsider's reaction and cried assult. In conclusion to this case study, humour became offensive because of the social circumstances of the event. Humour can be regarded as offensive in cultures and societies that do not regard it as normal behaviour.

Various societies and cultures use other cultures as the "butt' of their jokes. For example, the English will always joke about the Irish and the blacks in Ethiopia will always be the subjects of jokes in most western countries. Palmer (146) believes "what these different identities establish is that any group will do as the butt, provided it can plausibly be regarded as outside the "mainstream' of the culture in question". In my opinion, people like to joke and laugh about beliefs and situations outside there own culture because it gives them a sense of structure in their own society.

This does not necessarily mean it is acceptable to laugh at humour concerning serious social and political issues. A good example of the limits of humour is the cult character Ali G. Ali G is an uneducated, drug taking Black man played by comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. The Guardian (1/01/00) "There's no doubt Ali G is funny, but are we all laughing for the same reasons? Is Ali G offensive?" Everybody seems to agree that Ali G is funny, even his critics who think he is racist.

Sacha Baron Cohen is a Cambridge educated, well spoken, Jewish white man who impersonates a black man who is arrogant and takes drugs. He interrogates the rich, famous and influential and gets away with it. The Guardian (1/01/00) says "…he stands on a precipice, on the one side is the relatively steady ground of alternative comedy on the other is the sheer drop into racist buffoonery". Many black comedians have taken offence to Ali G, comedian Chris Walker has described Ali G as " offensive" comparing him to Al Jolson and a 150's style of comedy entertainment. "He's dishing out all the clich�s and stereotypical language. I find it degrading and sad that this is what catches peoples attention. I don't like the concept of a white guy playing a black guy". A major concern raised from Ali G is racism. Are people laughing at black street culture? People such as comedian Richard Blackwood are concerned that Ali G is giving the wrong impression of black men. He believes " too many people are left thinking that is how black people chat to one another, that they are ignorant and don't know about world issues". The argument for Ali G is that he is a white man pretending to be black. The humour comes from a white man trying to be black; therefore the humour is not racist but white people laughing at a white man. Whether people think Ali G is a genius or a racist, everybody thinks he is funny. It is difficult to determine if it is wrong to laugh at him. Kamal Mustapha (The guardian 1/1/00) " If I can't laugh at Ali G then I don't think I have the right to laugh at all".

The recent terrorist attacks in America provide another example of whether there is a limit to humour. The events, which unfolded on September the 11th 001, left the world in shock. However it was not long before jokes, limericks and "funny' short stories began to appear on the Internet. Comedians on shows such as Saturday Night Live (American television) gradually began to use jokes about terrorism. From personal experiences I can state that even people in chat rooms are joking with one another about the tragedy. Jokes such as "Early to rise, early to bed, makes a man healthy, wealthy and dead', are circulating on the Internet. Is this unacceptable behaviour in the light of what happened in America? On a message board on the Internet, www.terrypratchetbooks.com (PG 7) readers have written their responses to jokes about the terror attacks on America. Dingo (1//01) states that " people deal with grief in their own way". Emmett-The-Sane (1//01 says "I feel that humour is the most important building block of the metaverse…I think bad taste is necessary to get through something like this. Sometimes you have to internalise it until the people it affects more than you can laugh about it, but you still have to laugh by yourself". In my opinion the humour is needed in this situation to balance peoples feelings. The mood of most people who saw the terror attacks was very sombre and depressing for days afterwards. The humorous jokes and stories need to circulate so people can cope with the feelings of depression, anger and fear. They help to bring back a sense of normality. Humour is also used in this situation to control fearful feelings of what might happen next in the current war.

To conclude, " the human species is the only species that laughs" Palmer (1457). Therefore, it is significant to humans and must have a purpose. Palmer (1457) sees humour as part of our species adaptation to its environment". For example we need to be able to laugh at various events such as the terror attacks on America so we can accept the incident has happened and move on, adapt to life after such an atrocity.

Although sometimes it is not appropriate to laugh at something, it is a necessity in order to deal with certain emotions and situations.

Is there a limit to humour when it concerns serious political and social issues? The example of Ali G provided an example of racism in humour, however even his critics believe he is very funny. Laughing is inevitable.

Palmer (1457) "the more we laugh the more we see the point of things, the better we are, the cleverer we are at reconsidering what the world is like".

Please note that this sample paper on what is the significance of humour in life? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on what is the significance of humour in life?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on what is the significance of humour in life? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture paper at affordable prices ! Japan is a latecomer in Asian history, appearing at around 57 AD. Japan's location, off the East Coast of China is important in the development of Japan's culture. The Japanese adopted many things from its surrounding boarders, especially China. The Japanese adopted many forms of the Chinese culture and tried to make each adoption ultimately Japanese. During the Yamato Period (500 AD), Japan's history and culture was just starting to flourish. The influence of the Chinese culture on that of Japan's is extensive, yet Japan is a unique civilization. With adopting its infrastructure of government, religion and philosophy, writing, and the fine arts, Japan has become a civilization with its own fine culture.

In between the years of 618-06 AD the Japanese realized the brilliance of the Tang Dynasty. One concept that the Japanese adopted was the imperial concept (where the leader would be addressed as emperor or empress). The Japanese modeled their entire central government around Chinese imperialism. Prior to the empirical concept, the ruler of Japan was a queen. A queen was ruling because precedents set earlier in Japanese history stated that should a male rule their violent personalities would eventually bring civil war. Japan's concept of empirical rule produced the longest unbroken line of rulers in human history, even longer than the monarchy in England. Japan's current ruler (Emperor Akihito) is 15th in a line which originated with the Goddess of the sun and extends to her heir Jimmu (known as the first emperor, in 660 BC ). Only one family of one bloodline has ever occupied the Chrysanthemum throne. When Empress Suiko (Yamato Period) sent a selected few to study the government, philosophy and culture of Japan, their findings and results would alter Japan's culture permanently. The Japanese government completely reorganized their court along the Chinese model, adopted the Chinese calendar, and sponsored Buddhism (which conflicted with the beliefs taught in Japan's primary religion, Shintoism).

Right along with the governments reformation, Buddhism was being introduced and accepted in many Japanese towns and villages (55 AD ). Buddhism was introduced to Japanese culture during the Nara Period and therefore the emperors and empresses revered the Buddhist teachings called the "Sutra of the Golden Light". Nara Buddhism was identical to Chinese Buddhism. There were three main schools that dominated Japan. One was the "Three Treaties School", another was the "Dharma Character School", and finally there was the "Flower Wreath School". All three schools taught Mahayana Buddhism and they also taught that the universe was in "constant flux and constant change ". Buddhism enlightened the ultimate ideal, which was to have a priest of Buddha rule. By 766 AD, Japan came close to grasping this concept when the empress tried to relinquish her throne in favour of the master of the Hosso, Dokyo. Ultimately, that never came to be. Buddhism was mixed with Confucian principles along with original ideas; to produce a strange combination with suited the political terms for an agricultural and warrior society. Japan was not known as a Buddhist country, like European countries were known to be Christian. Buddhism was tolerant and selective and therefore it did not have any difficulty coexisting with Shintoism. Buddhism also influenced Japanese literature and art until the 1800's. Buddhism eliminated the Kofun period in Japan. This means that cremation was used instead of the traditional burial process.

Confucianism is a teaching that incorporates many elements of philosophy, religion, and social custom. A 1-volume set of books, called the Analects, contains the teachings of the great, ancient Chinese teacher. "Confucius' sayings, which vary in length from one sentence to one paragraph, describe the ethical and moral standards that each individual should follow, including respect for elders and tradition ". Most of the primary beliefs of Japanese ethical behaviour can be traced back to the teachings of Confucius. Once the Japanese mastered the Confucian teachings they fused their own ethical teachings with those of Confucius. The Japanese people never really accepted Confucianism and they never endorsed the views of heaven. The Japanese always considered themselves descendents of the sun goddess, Amaterasu. The Japanese made sure that their own morals and principles were taught so that their sovereignty would not be confused with that of China's. Confucianism never became a religion in Japan although there are shrines dedicated to its creator. Festivals are sometimes celebrated and ceremonies are still held in his name.

Order Custom Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture paper

The Japanese system of writing was formerly a direct import from China. The knowledge was limited therefore the Japanese did not have much information on the writing structures. There was one problem with the Japanese adopting the Chinese writing style- the language barrier. The Chinese and Japanese languages are not even in the same language family, so the Japanese style of writing was vastly different from that of China's. "The Chinese writing is in part an ideogrammatic system and partly a syllabic writing system ". When the Japanese imported Chinese writing, they started writing phonetically. When the Japanese started writing they originally used the syllabic characters used in the Manyoshu texts. These texts were poems of the eighth century. The Manyoshu texts are the cornerstone of Japanese writing. During this time period (the seventh and eighth centuries) the Japanese also invented another form of writing called kana. The word kana means "borrowed words". There are two branches of kana. There is hiragana ("women's writing") and katakana. Hiragana, the first source syllabic writing in the Heian Period, is now the primary writing source in the country of Japan. Drawing Chinese characters in quick, cursive, fluid strokes produced this alphabet. Katakana, which was invented by a Buddhist, is a syllabic alphabet derived from Chinese characters. There were also several problems that the Japanese had to overcome to start writing. The Japanese had to adjust to a non-phonetic method of writing. Thus, they had to acquire new methods of writing to speed up the writing process.

The fine arts are literature, music and visual arts etc. Literature (poetry) was limited by the adoption of Chinese writing. Poetry became a copy of the Tang poetry, and most of the poets were women. We know this because hiragana is associated with women's writing. Women compiled many of the great Japanese works. The classic work of Japan and world literature to the Western World was the Genji monogatari. This piece of work was written during the first couple of decades of the eleventh century.

Japan's musical theory is solely derived from Chinese musical theory. In Chinese theory, five tones of the scale (the pentatonic scale) were related to each other based on five important agents. The five agents were wood, fire, earth, metal and water. In addition to these five elements there was a larger scale invented. This scale involved yin (the male creation) and yang (the female completion). The Chinese and Japanese scale is determined by the "cornerstone" note, where as in the West we define the tonic scale by the first note. Finally the Chinese and Japanese musical theory was based on eight instrumental sounds. The instruments included metal (bells), stone (stone chimes), leather (drums), earth (ocarina), silk (stringed instruments), wood (double reed instruments), gourd (mouth organ) and bamboo (flute) . The Japanese added percussion to their ensemble of musical instruments. The percussion instruments added flavour to the ceremonies, giving the ceremonies a richness that the Japanese had never heard before. The most permanent musical culture was developed was the gagaku (court instrumental music), developed during the Heian Period. It was experienced a great deal during the Heian period as music of a high culture. This type of music was heard during special ceremonies like weddings, funerals, and affairs of the state.

Art, in the forms of vases, pottery and metal were imported from China. Much of Japan's art and technology was imported from China and Korea alike. The visual art that stands out the most was the art of the Kofun period. During the Kofun period, art was seen in the massive tombs built for powerful emperors and others. Many forms of jewelry, iron tools, pottery, mirrors and clay figures called haniwa were found in the tombs of these great people. These figures represent the person inside the kofun. The Japanese arts weren't as separable from the art of China or Korea. While the Japanese adopted a lot from the Chinese models, the overall architectural model that they followed was that of the early Yayoi period.

At the beginning of the Nara period, visual arts were dominated by Buddhism and Chinese subjects. Until the Heian period, thing remained as they were in the Nara period. The Japanese painting called the "Yamato-e" was evolved. This type of painting illustrated subjects and scenes from Japanese life.

The cultures of China and Japan have many similarities yet they also have many differences. With the influence of Chinese culture on that of Japan's, Japan has its own culture. With the influence on the government, religion, philosophy, writing and the fine arts, Japan has innovated its own culture. With being one of the late comers in Asian history, Japan has evolved into a truly amazing civilization.

Smith, Jean Reeder & Lacey Baldwin. Essentials of World History. New York Barrons 180. LTD, 180.

Newman, Garfield & De Geer, Christine. Odyssey Through the Ages. Toronto McGraw-Hill Hill Ryerson LTD., 1.

Cortazzi, Hugh. The Japanese Achievement. London Sidwick & Jackson LTD., 10

www.microsoft.com/encarta

www.wsu.edu/~dee/ANCJAPAN/WRITING.HTM

www.wsu.edu/~dee/ANCJAPAN/MUSIC.HTM

Please note that this sample paper on Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Japan: The Land of the Rising Culture will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!